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IPX/SPX Protocol Stack in Networking

Learn about the IPX/SPX Protocol Stack, including protocols like IPX, SPX, SAP, NCP, RIP, NLSP, and addressing in the context of Novell networking. Explore the benefits of using MAC addresses and the communication models in Novell NetWare.

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IPX/SPX Protocol Stack in Networking

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  1. IPX/SPX • Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) has been around since 1980’s. • Novell Netware was the most popular network operating system in 1980’s. • Currently, Novell uses TCP/IP as default network protocol. • Why should we learn about IPX/SPX?

  2. IPX/SPX Protocol Stack

  3. IPX/SPX Protocol Stack • Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) • Connectionless, predominantly layer 3 protocol • Responsible for finding the best path through a multipath IPX network • Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) • Connection-oriented layer 4 protocol • Provides guaranteed delivery services for the connectionless IPX • Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP) • Operates at layers 5, 6, and 7 • Advertises services running on IPX/SPX servers

  4. IPX/SPX Protocol Stack • NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) • Functions at layers 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the OSI model • Facilitates client/server interaction on a NetWare network • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • Distance-vector protocol built into the IPX/SPX protocol stack • Operates at layer 3 • Uses ticks and hop counts as metrics • NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) • Link state routing protocol designed by Novell • Functions at layer 3

  5. IPX/SPX Addressing • 80-bit (10 bytes) addresses consisting of a 32-bit (4 bytes) network portion and a 48-bit node portion • The network administrator arbitrarily assigns the network portion • No subnetting! No address classes! • MAC address of the node makes up the node portion of the address • Addresses normally appear in hexadecimal format • 0000.7C80.0000.8609.33e9 • What is good about using MAC addresses?

  6. Communication • Client-Server • Novell Netware follows a strict client-server model. • Every Netware server builds a service advertisement table comprising all the network resources that it is aware of. • Clients use Get Nearest Server (GNS) request to locate servers. • Server-Server • Servers use SAP and RIP.

  7. Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP) SAP advertisements on an IPX/SPX network allow servers to “advertise” running services to network clients NetWare servers take SAP broadcasts and build SAP tables.

  8. Encapsulation

  9. Lab

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