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Organic Compounds:

Organic Compounds:. Proteins. Basic Overview. contain nitrogen , carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen Water is the most abundant molecule in the body Proteins are the 2 nd most abundant! . Amino Acids = building blocks!. All proteins are made of amino acids

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Organic Compounds:

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  1. Organic Compounds: Proteins

  2. Basic Overview • contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Water is the most abundant molecule in the body • Proteins are the 2nd most abundant!

  3. Amino Acids = building blocks! • All proteins are made of amino acids • Amino acids = building blocks = monomers • 20 essential amino acids • peptide bond- the bond that holds amino acids together to form a protein • Peptides= chains of amino acids • A single protein can be made of hundreds or thousands of amino acids • The human body has ~100,000 different proteins!

  4. Protein Structure • All proteins have a unique shape • amino acid chain twists and turns to create a specialized shape • amino acid order determines protein shape • orderchanges => shape changes => protein cannot function!!!

  5. Functions • Control cell activities & chemical reactions (enzymes) • cell metabolism • Metabolism = all reactions involved in OBTAINING and USING ENERGY • cellular transport • immune system function • muscle function • structure • tissues and organs • hair, nails, horns, hoofs, etc.

  6. What are Enzymes? • very important proteins • only found in living things • change the rate of a chemical reaction • also called catalysts • can speed up reactions • control metabolic processes

  7. Why are Enzymes Important? • help make materials needed by cells • release energy • transfer information • also involved in chemical reactions of digestion, reproduction, respiration, vision, movement, thought, etc.

  8. Factors that Affect Enzymes • Enzyme activity can be affected by: • temperature • pH • Cells must maintain homeostasis of pH and temperature for enzymes to work best! • All enzymes have optimal (BEST) pH levels and temperatures that work fastest at!

  9. pH Temperature

  10. Nucleic Acids

  11. Structure • composed of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus • Built from nucleotides • Very large and complex!

  12. Nucleotides = Building blocks of nucleic acids = monomers Consist of three basic parts: 5-carbon sugar (a carbohydrate) phosphate group nitrogenous base Nucleotides

  13. Functions • Two basic types: • RNA = ribonucleic acid • contains the sugar ribose • Involved in making proteins • DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid • contains the sugar deoxyribose • genetic information • Blueprints/instructions for life!

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