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CANCER

CANCER. TPJ4M. OBJECTIVE. Define and discuss cancer. Cancer. Definition – abnormal growth of cells that can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body Cancer cells can originate in any body tissue. Your cells. The Cell Cycle.

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CANCER

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  1. CANCER TPJ4M

  2. OBJECTIVE • Define and discuss cancer

  3. Cancer • Definition – abnormal growth of cells that can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body • Cancer cells can originate in any body tissue

  4. Your cells

  5. The Cell Cycle • The series of events a cell undergoes from the time it is formed until it grows and reproduces new cells: • Interphase – resting and growth phase where the cell spends most of its life • Mitosis – division phase where the nucleus divides (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) *PMAT • Cytokinesis – cell division where the cell divides in half

  6. Cell Cycle

  7. Mutations may be caused by: 1. radiation 2. smoking 3. Pollutants 4. chemicals 5. viruses DNA mutations disrupt the cell cycle.

  8. Cancer Cells • Cancer cells experience uncontrolled and disorganized cell growth • Cancer cells enter mitosis repeatedly and never grow to maturity • Cancer cells eventually form a growth called tumor • Tumors invades and destroys neighbouring healthy cells

  9. Two Main Types of Cancer • Carcinoma • Skin • Lining of hollow organs and passageways • Sarcoma • Bone • Muscle • Lymph • cartilage

  10. OBJECTIVE • List two types of tumours and explain how they are different • Explain metastasis

  11. Tumour – Growth of Abnormal Cells • Benign tumour • Grows slowly • Localized area • Malignant tumour • grows slow or fast depending on type of cancer • Invades other tissues and/or travels to other parts of body • Causes death if not treated and controlled THE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE B/W BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS IS THAT ONE INVADES AND SPREADS (MALIGNANT)

  12. Cancer – Most Common Sites • Skin • Lungs • Colon • Rectum • Breast • Prostate • Uterus

  13. METASTASIS

  14. OBJECTIVE • List the seven warning signs of cancer

  15. Caution – Seven Early Warning Signs of Cancer • Change in bowel or bladder habits • A sore that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere • Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing • Obvious changes in wart or mole • Nagging cough or hoarseness

  16. OBJECTIVE • Describe the three most common types of treatment for cancer

  17. Standard Cancer Treatment • Surgery • Radiation therapy • Chemotherapy • Oral • Intramuscular • Intravenous

  18. Chemotherapy *Treatment of cancer with an antineoplastic drug or in combination with such drugs *****Antineoplastic drugs (control or kill neoplastic cells – part of tumor) *The most common chemotherapy agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly *Chemotherapy also harms cells that divide rapidly under normal circumstances: cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles.

  19. Side-effects of chemotherapy *Decreased production of blood cells (because it affects the bone marrow) *Inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract *Hair loss (because it affects the hair follicles)

  20. Radiation Therapy • Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells • The radiation may be delivered by a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy). • Systemic radiation therapy uses radioactive substances, such as radioactive iodine, that travel in the blood to kill cancer cells

  21. How does Radiation Therapy kill cancerous cells? • Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA • Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die • However radiation therapy can also damage normal cells, leading to side effects

  22. Side effects of Radiation Therapy • Skin irritations • Damage to salivary glands • Fatigue • Nausea • Vomiting • Damage to the bowels, causing diarrhea and bleeding. • Memory loss. • Infertility (inability to have a child).

  23. REVIEW • Define cancer. • Discuss cancer in relation to normal cells and the cell cycle. • List two types of tumours. What is the main difference? • What acronym is used for the 7 early warning signs of cancer? List the 7 signs • Describe each of the 3 most common cancer treatments – add to existing answer. • Add to your answer for metastasis

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