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CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

Explore the key developments of the Industrial Revolution, including advancements in technology, changes in industry, urbanization, and shifts in cultural ideologies. Learn about the impact of steel, chemicals, electricity, interchangeable parts, and the assembly line. Discover the effects of population explosion, germ theory, and urban renewal. Delve into the revolution in communication and transportation, as well as the emergence of new attitudes and values. Lastly, explore the cultural ideologies of Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism.

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CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

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  1. CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

  2. NEW TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: • Steel • (an alloy of iron and carbon) • Chemicals: aspirin, perfumes, soaps, fertilizers; • and dynamite, invented by • Alfred Nobel, who, because of his guilt for how his invention became to be used, established world • peace prizes for worthy recipients • Electricity • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line

  3. CITY LIFE: • Population explosion • Germ theory > antiseptics, immunizations, pasteurization, sterilization, hospitals: • EXAMPLES: • Joseph Lister who introduced antiseptics; • Louis Pasteur, a microbiologist, who • invented a method for killing bacteria in • milk; • Florence Nightingale who began • the first nursing school in Britain after witnessing first hand the unsanitary methods used on war veterans of the CrimeanWar

  4. Urban renewal > • sidewalks, sewers, skyscrapers, entertainment centers • Slums & Tenements • Mutual Aid societies > Labor Unions • Capitalists corporations >led to monopolies > led to government regulation • Improved standard of living

  5. NEW COMMUNICATION: • Telegraph • Telephone • Radio

  6. NEW TRANSPORTATION: • Steamships • Railroads • Automobiles • Airplanes

  7. NEW ATTITUDES AND VALUES: • Suburban middle-class dominance • Cult of domesticity > idealization that “a woman’s • place is in the • home” • Women’s suffrage > 1920 right to vote realized in • 19th Amendment to U.S. Constitution • Temperance movement to ban use of • alcohol • Public education > universities and colleges

  8. Social Darwinism > idea introduced by Charles • Darwin who claimed “survival of the • fittest” > led to • racism • Social gospel > Christian social service

  9. NEW CULTURAL IDEOLOGIES: • Romanticism – literary & artistic movement to • glorify • nature; sought to excite strong emotions

  10. Realism – movement that focused on the harsh • side of life in cities and villages, encouraging improvement

  11. Impressionism – movement to achieve a fresh • view of familiar objects, including the art of • photography

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