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Identifying and Eliminating Earthquake Vulnerabilities in Built Environments

Learn about the art and science of mitigating earthquake risks in communities through proper building codes, lifeline standards, and location control. Explore past disasters and their consequences to understand the importance of addressing vulnerabilities in the built environment.

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Identifying and Eliminating Earthquake Vulnerabilities in Built Environments

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  1. THE ART AND SCIENCE OF IDENTIFYING AND ELIMINATING VULNERABILITIES TO EARTHQUAKES IN A COMMUNITY’S BUILT ENVIRONMENT Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

  2. OUR WORLD IS AT RISK • FLOODS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMIS • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES • WILDFIRES

  3. HAZARDS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION VULNERABILITIES IN A COMMUNITY’S BUILT ENVIRONMENT CONTROLS THE RISK RISK

  4. A COMMUNITY’S BUILT ENVIRONMENT: BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

  5. WHAT HISTORY TEACHES • CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT AND MAN’S CAPACITY TO ELIMINATE THE VULNERABILITIES

  6. INADEQUATE SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS (I.E., BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS) MEAN 1) INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING 2) COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS AND LOSS OF FUNCTION OF LIFELINES

  7. INJURIES AND DEATHS DAMAGE AND COLLAPSE LOSS OF FUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSS CONSEQUENCES OF COMMUNITY VULNERABILITIES RISK

  8. SOME VULNERABILITIES ARE OBVIOUS

  9. SOME VULNERABILITIES ARE OBVIOUS

  10. SOME VULNERABILITIES ARE OBVIOUS

  11. SOME VULNERABILITIES ARE OBVIOUS • A UTILITY CORRIDOR IS VULNERABLE TO LOSS OF FUNCTION WHEN ROUTED THROUGH SOILS THAT ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO LIQUEFACTION.

  12. THE REALITY CHECK PROVIDED BY PAST DISASTERSSource: Munich Re and many others

  13. CAUSES OF VULNER-ABILITIES INADEQUATE BUILDING CODES INADEQUATE LIFELINE STANDARDS SITING IN LOCATIONS OF SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES INADEQUATE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING ON SOFT SOILS INADEQUATE ANCHORAGE OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  14. SAN FRANCISCO 1906 EARTHQUAKE & FIRE 3,000 CASUALTIES $ 524 MLOSS (ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 180 MINSURED LOSS NOTABLE PAST DISASTERS

  15. TOKYO 1923 EARTHQUAKE & FIRE 142,807 CASUALTIES $ 2,800 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 590 MINSURED LOSS NOTABLE PAST DISASTERS

  16. MANAGUA 1972 EARTHQUAKE 11,000 CASUALTIES $ 800 MLOSS (ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 100 MINSURED LOSS NOTABLE PAST DISASTERS

  17. TANGSHAN 1976 EARTHQUAKE 240,000 + CASUALTIES $ 5,600 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ ---0 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  18. MEXICO CITY 1985 EARTHQUAKE 9,500 CASUALTIES $ 4,000 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 275 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  19. LOMA PRIETA (SAN FRANCISCO) 1989 EARTHQUAKE 61 CASUALTIES $ 5,000 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 1,000 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  20. NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA 1994 EARTHQUAKE 61 CASUALTIES $ 44,000 MLOSS (ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 15,300 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  21. KOBE, JAPAN 1995 EARTHQUAKE 6,400 CASUALTIES $ 100,000 MLOSS (ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 3,000 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  22. IZMET, TURKEY 1999 EARTHQUAKE 17,200 CASUALTIES $ 12,000 MLOSS (ORIGINAL VALUES) $ 600 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  23. BAM, IRAN 2003 EARTHQUAKE 40,000 CASUALTIES $ ?000 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ --00 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  24. 2003 Bam, Iran Earthquake

  25. BANDA ACHE, INDONESIA 2004 EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI 240,000 CASUALTIES $ 4,000 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ ?--00 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  26. 2004 BANDA ACHE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

  27. 2004 BANDA ACHE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

  28. SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA 2008 EARTHQUAKE 80,000 CASUALTIES $ 13,300 MLOSS(ORIGINAL VALUES) $ --00 MINSURED LOSS PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

  29. SICHUAN, CHINA EARTHQUAKE INADEQUATE BUILDING CODE

  30. 45,690,000people were affected by the disaster. TWENTY-ONE DAYS LATER

  31. HAITI EARTHQUAKE: INADEQUATE BUILDING CODE; JANUARY 12, 2010

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