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Explore topics like recruitment, training, and human resource development in public affairs. Understand societal development, governance structures, and historical vs. contemporary models of government.
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PIA2000 Introduction to Public Affairs
Summary of Themes: First Six Weeks Week One: Introduction of Comparative Methodology: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Management Week Two: Participation and Public Affairs- Debates about Democracy and Pluralism Week Three: Historical Models vs. Contemporary Models of Government: Law and Order vs. Socio-Economic Change
Summary of Themes: Continued Week 4: Socio-economic Motives, Structures and Processes of Governance- Regime Types- Political Economy Week 5: Clients and Group Dynamics: Dysfunctionalism and the Politics of Reform Week 6: Recruitment, Education and Training: Merit vs. Representation vs. Political Control
Overview: Recruitment, Education and Training I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? II. Recruitment, Education and Training III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector IV. Human Resource Development: Redux VI. Theories of Recruitment VII. Representation VIII. Territorial Administration
I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? • Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done • Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital
Strategy of Human Development • Understand Concepts explaining transformation • Combinations of welfare and human resource development?
HRD Concepts 1. Socialization- More Next week 2. Status vs. Role 3. Counter-Roles 4. Role Theory
“Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”
The Issues II. Recruitment, Education and Training
Alternative Choices-1 • 1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity) • 2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community • 3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme) • 4. Basic Needs
Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development 6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument? 7. Civil Society- Is this an HRD issue?
Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs and Development: a. Social Development or left wing privatization? b. Scaling-up and self-spreading 9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes) 10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?
III. Elite Recruitment- Focus:Entry into Public Sector Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?
Canadian View of Human Rights Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta
Three Models of Recruitment 1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage 2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C” 3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844. “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”
Mini-Discussion What is the best way to recruit? Political Merit Representation
Recruitment Problems a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions
IV. Human Resource Development: Redux 1. The Key to Merit 2. Issue:the difference between Education and Training 3. Professional vs. Management
Training Education The Difference
Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- • Importance of "Professional Class” • Role of Professional Schools in producing that class. • U.S model of open System
Early, middle or late entry Deep political control and The possibility of "in and out" The U.S. System
A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice
European Systems- Inherited by Much of World 1. Historically closed 2. Class based and 3. Limited to early entry
Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification • Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision) • Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model • Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)
Differences in Closed Classes • administrative • professional • Executive • Technical • Clerical • Industrial • Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)
Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections) The European choice and the elites - a la' mode Française Cézanne, “Still life with skull”
Top Administrators • a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist • b. Russia- Engineers • c. France- Legal/Technical • d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist • e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse
VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates • U.S. - Race and Gender • Europe- Culture and Religion • South Africa: Ethnicity • Asia: Language
Concept of training Public Administration- skills analogy- business administration and engineering as models Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid
Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont. • Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa • Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy
