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Enhancing causal influence (in observational studies )

Dive into the complex web of causal relationships between coffee drinking, smoking, and myocardial infarction. Explore how observational studies can uncover real associations while avoiding spurious results.

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Enhancing causal influence (in observational studies )

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  1. Enhancing causal influence (in observational studies) Spurious and real association: Suppose a study reveals an ass. Between coffee drinking and M.I., the association could be:

  2. Causal models to consider if smoking association with coffee drinking and is a cause of M.I. Coffee drink smoking coffee drink factor x smoking coffee drink smoking (1)M.I. (2)M.I. (3)M.I Matching is harmful Matching may be helpful

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