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History of the Periodic Table (Chapter 5. 1)

History of the Periodic Table (Chapter 5. 1). Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. When elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass, there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties. Moseley’s Periodic Law.

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History of the Periodic Table (Chapter 5. 1)

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  1. History of the Periodic Table (Chapter 5. 1)

  2. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law • When elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass, there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties

  3. Moseley’s Periodic Law • When elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties

  4. The Periodic Table

  5. The Periodic Table • Arranged in increasing atomic number • Columns are called “groups” or “families” • Columns are numbered 1-18 (new way) or 1-8 with an “A” or “B” designation • “A” denotes MAIN GROUP, or REPRESENTATIVE, elements • “B” denotes TRANSITION elements

  6. Classifying the Elements • Group 1 – Alkali Metals (except H) • Hydrogen is placed there for e- configuration purposes

  7. Classifying the Elements • Group 2 – alkaline earth metals • Both Group 1 & 2 elements are very chemically reactive, reacting with air and water violently. • Group 1 is the most reactive

  8. Classifying the Elements • Groups 3-12 (“B” elements) = transition metals and inner transition metals • Transition metals are in the main body of the table • Inner transition metals are the lanthanides & actinides

  9. Classifying the Elements • Groups 13, 14 – a mix of metals & non metals, named for their top element • Group 13 Boron Group • Group 14 Carbon Group • Elements get more metallic as you go down the group

  10. Classifying the Elements • Groups 15-18 include non- metals (and some metalloids) • Mixed elements – more metallic as you go down groups; more non-metallic as you move across the periods

  11. Classifying the Elements • Group 15 –Nitrogen group

  12. Classifying the Elements • Group 16 – Chalcogens (oxygen group)

  13. Classifying the Elements • Group 17 -- Halogens

  14. Classifying the Elements • Group 18 – Noble Gases • Non-reactive • Full valence shell of 8 e- • s & p sublevels full

  15. Metalloids • A special group of 8 elements along the “stairstep” line on the periodic table • Have characteristics of both metals and non metals. • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At • Si and Ge are known as semiconductors – used in computers and other electronics

  16. Metalloids

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