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2. Type of restaurants Oğuz BeniceBilkent UniversityTHM 61247 F&B Management Fall 2005

3. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Origin of Restaurants • Until the 18th century, in France, the place for ordinary people to eat out were taverns and cabarets. • The word restaurant first appeared in the 16th century and meant a food that restores. It was used for a rich spiced soup. • Having lost their job, servant and cooks opened restaurants during the French Revolution, as aristocratic owners of great houses lost their heads. • These enthusiastic chefs added other items in the menu. • These first restaurants were clean, comfortable and luxurious. 

4. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Origin of Cafés • Cafés, predated the first restaurants, were places that sold cafés. • The first Café in the world opened in Istanbul in 1550. • In 1672, the first Café opened in Saint-Germain, Paris. • As soon as the French discovered the social aspects of drinking coffee in a public place, cafés began to sell brandy and sweet wines. Cafés soon became a new way of life, where people read the news, played chess or cards, exchanged ideas • Cafés flourished all over Europe. In Vienna, cafés became firmly established in 1683, when the Turks abandoned 500 sacks of coffee.. 

5. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Origin of other type of places to eat • Bistros became popular in Paris, in the last decade of the 19th century, for artists and journalists, providing homemade cooking and low prices. • Brasserie were places to serve beer oysters, and other hot and cold dishes, at any time of the day, and often till late at night, where people ate on wooden chairs and tables. • In Paris, at the end of the 19th century, Brasserie became elegant places and nicely decorated, as cafés. 

6. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Origin of Restaurants in America • Restaurants become popular during the industrial revolution at the last 3 decades of the 19th century. • Urban populations where expanding, industry was booming and Americans where away from home at lunch time. • Before the industrial revolution, there were fine dining establishments, called white-tablecloth, created by recently arrived immigrants from Europe and were mirror images of European culture. • The need for quick, affordable meals within walking distance from work or home was growing (cafeteria, self-service). 

7. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Food & Beverage Service Segments in USA ANNUAL GROWTH RATE % SEGMENT / REVENUE % Full Service Restaurants / 38% Quick Service (Fast Food) / 36% Cafeterias / 2% Bars & Night Life / 4% Catering / 6%* Hotel Restaurants / 6% 5,2% 4,7% 2,9% 3,7% 5,8% 5,2% * F&B outlets in factories, commercial offices, hospitals, nursing homes, colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools, airlines, sport centers…

8. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Types of Restaurants • Luxury, fine dining room • Café • Ethnic restaurant • Theme restaurant (Fish,Vegetarian, Grill…) • Cafeteria • Quick Service (Fast-Food) • Others (bar, pool bar,buffet, pastry, pub…) 

9. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Fine Dining Rooms

10. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Fine Dining Rooms • For guest in need of security, luxury, comfort or privacy. • High price restaurant. • Small or mid-size establishment and generally independently operated. • Emphasis is on the quality and variety of food prepared by a famous chef, large variety of quality wines, as well as a very attentive service. • Formal atmosphere. to be continued…

11. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Fine Dining Rooms • Very well trained and experienced kitchen and service staff. • large number of employees per guest (larger than in other types of restaurants). • Guests are seated. Sometimes memberships are requested. • Cuisine consists of international, national or regional specialties. Food is prepared mostly “à la minute”. • Open for lunch & dinner. Closed in between. Low seat turnover. 

12. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Cafés

13. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Cafés • For guest in need of socializing: to meet new people, to be seen, or just to meet with friends and have a good time. • Mid-price restaurant aiming to be fashion. • Generally independently operated. • Emphasis is not on food, but on a unique and casual atmosphere. • Food & beverage menus are simple but usually good and available the all day . • Some Cafés closes late at night. Sometimes an entrance fee is requested. • Table service provided usually by young service staff, and self-service for the salad buffet. Usually no table cloth. 

14. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Cafeterias

15. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Cafeterias • For a large number of guests to be fed economically. • Generally large establishment and operated by chain restaurants. • Emphasis is on mass feeding & food display. Foods are arranged attractively with attention to eye appeal . • Maximum of self-service at a counter: food items are taken, paid, then, carried to the table by the guest . • Food is prepared mostly in advance and ready for service. 

16. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Quick Service Restaurants

17. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Characteristics of Quick Service Restaurants • Economic or mid-price restaurant. • Small or mid-size establishment, generally operated by chain restaurants. • Emphasis is on convenience: food that is quickly prepared, served and eaten on a high seat turnover basis. • Importance given to “Take home service” or delivery. • Usually counter service: food items are chosen, paid, then, carried to the table by the guest. Some fast food have no seats. 

18. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Restaurant Chains Categories • Sandwich chains: Mc Donald’s, Taco Bell, Subway… • Pizza chains: Little Caesar’s Pizza, Pizza Hut… • Chicken chains: Kentucky Fried Chicken… • Fine dining restaurant chains: Olive Garden, Red Lobster, Applebee’s Neighborhood Grill… • Buffet Restaurant chains (all you can eat): Golden Corral… • Cafeteria chains: Luby’s cafeterias, Morrison’s Family Dining… • Contract chains: Aramark, Sodexho… • Other chains: Chinese, Grill, Sushi…

19. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Top 10 Restaurant Chains in USA CONCEPT RANK CHAIN U.S. SALES* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mc Donald’s Burger King Taco Bell Wendy’s Pizza Hut Kentucky Fried Chicken Aramark Global Food Subway Hardee’s Domino’s Pizza Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Pizza Chicken Contract Sandwich Sandwich Pizza 18.123 8.245 5.000 4.994 4.800 4.200 3.430 3.100 2.395 2.300 * (millions $ in 1998)

20. TYPE OF RESTAURANTS Top 10 Restaurant Chains in the World CONCEPT RANK CHAIN UNITS* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mc Donald’s Subway Pizza Hut Kentucky Fried Chicken Burger King Domino’s Pizza Taco Bell Wendy’s Dairy Queen Hardee’s Sandwich Sandwich Pizza Chicken Sandwich Pizza Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich 30.093 16.938 12.691 11.815 11.435 7.096 6.683 6.064 5.700 2.400 * (in 2002, according to their official website)