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MOTIVATING FOR CHANGE

Learn about the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviors through Achievement Motivation Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Explore external and internal motivation, intrinsic motivators, and the stages of change. Discover how autonomy, competence, and relatedness play key roles in driving motivation.

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MOTIVATING FOR CHANGE

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  1. MOTIVATING FOR CHANGE Fall 2013

  2. MOTIVATING FOR CHANGE • Ray Caesar LPC, LADC-MH • Director of Addiction Specialty Programs • Oklahoma Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services • (405)522-3870 • rcaesar@odmhsas.org

  3. outline • Achievement Motivation Theory • Self-Determination Theory • Operant Conditioning • Motivational Interviewing

  4. MOTIVATING INDIVIDUALS

  5. Roman legion

  6. DECIMATION

  7. Bread and water

  8. AMERICAN MILITARY

  9. FRENCH REVOLUTION

  10. Motivation DEFINITION • Motivation • The process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviors. NEEDS DRIVES DRIVES INCENTIVES

  11. Motivation WHAT IS MOTIVATION? External motivation Internal motivation

  12. Why we work • Support ourselves and our families. • Pay bills. • Most people enjoy work. • Sense of purpose. • Social aspect of being with other people.

  13. MOTIVATIoN MOTIVATION IS NOT Directly observable Synonymous with satisfaction Always conscious Directly controllable

  14. Stages of change

  15. ACHIEVMENT MOTIVATION THEORY

  16. Achievement motivation theory LOW ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION HIGH ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

  17. Achievement motivation theory LOW ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION • Prefer very easy tasks • Failure is unlikely • or very difficult tasks • Failure not embarrassing

  18. Achievement motivation theory HIGH ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION • Prefer moderately difficult tasks • Success is attainable • Success is attributable to skill and effort

  19. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

  20. MOTIVATION EXTRENSIC AND INTRINIC MOVIVATION Extrinsic motivation A desire to perform based on external reward or threat of punishment Intrinsic motivation A desire to perform a behavior based on internal (personal) reward or punishment

  21. motivation

  22. External versus internal Better to have intrinsic motivation. Behave not because you fear punishment or expect reward (external), but because you want to behave in a certain way (intrinsic). Motivation from within

  23. Components of Intrinsic Motivation Autonomy: self-governing Competence: self-efficacy Relatedness: support and affirmation from peers.

  24. Internal motivation

  25. Extrinsic Motivation ~ Needed when there are no intrinsic motivators. An example is paying taxes ~ Hopefully the behavior will alter to intrinsic motivation over time. An example is seat belt use. • At first extrinsic: avoid tickets, alarms, nagging children • Over time this behavior becomes internalized

  26. Extrinsic motivation Environment controls behavior External rewards and punishments Praise increases the likelihood of participation Criticism decreases the likelihood of participation Principles of operant conditioning are at work*

  27. motivation • Exposure to commercial media prompt a focus on materialism which provides fleeting satisfactions. • Individuals may seek extrinsic rewards in order to compensate for deficits in fulfilling basic psychological needs. • Extrinsic rewards are insufficient and poor compensation. • Ryan & Deci

  28. motivation

  29. Moving from external to internal motivation

  30. Why we work • Support ourselves and our families. • Pay bills. • Most people enjoy work. • Sense of purpose. • Social aspect of being with other people.

  31. Safer to wear seatbelts. • It is well-known that seatbelts save lives. • Compliance varies greatly. • 91% in California • 78% in Connecticut • 51% in Mass before law, now 76%. • Requirement and enforcement make a difference

  32. Punishment and reinforcement. • “Click it or ticket” • Threat of punishment. • Random checks. • Cars come with warning buzzers that stop if you buckle up. • Reinforces compliance

  33. Eventually internalized • Starts extrinsic. • Not wearing seatbelt might lead to punishment. • Wearing reinforced by others and by vehicle. • Seat belt usage becomes a matter of habit. • Becomes intrinsic.

  34. SELF DETERMINATION THEORY Ryan and Deci

  35. Self-determination theory A meta-theory of motivation incorporating multiple “mini-theories” into a unified whole. • Self-Determination Theory addresses both intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation. • Self-Determination Theory focuses on • Autonomy • Competence • Relatedness

  36. Components of Intrinsic Motivation Autonomy: self-governing Competence: self-efficacy Relatedness: support and affirmation from peers.

  37. Self-determination theory Self-Determination Theory proposes that the degree to which autonomy, competence or relatedness are supported and enhanced will have a significant positive effect on the individual within the specific context.

  38. Self-determination theory Self-Determination Theory proposes that the degree to which autonomy, competence or relatedness are unsupported or hindered will have a significant negative effect on the individual within the specific context.

  39. Self-determination theory Autonomy, competence and relatedness are recognized as basic psychological needs.

  40. Psychological Needs Not necessary for survival like biological needs. People engage in all kinds of activities unrelated to basic needs. Make life worth living.

  41. maslow

  42. Self-determination theory THE FIVE MINI-THEORIES OF SELF-DETERMINIATION THEORY

  43. SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY ORGANISMIC INTEGRATION THEORY CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS THEORY BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS THEORY GOAL CONTENTS THEORY

  44. Self-determination theory Cognitive Evaluation Theory

  45. Self-determination theory Cognitive Evaluation Theory Intrinsic motivation What are the effects of social contexts on intrinsic motivation? Highlights competence and autonomy. Explores reward, ego-involvement, controls

  46. Self-determination theory Organismic Integration Theory

  47. Self-determination theory Organismic Integration Theory Extrinsic motivation Explores the determinants, properties and consequences of extrinsic motivation Identifies a continuum from external to internal Degree autonomy will be enhanced or hindered

  48. Self-determination theory Causality Orientations Theory

  49. Self-determination theory Causality Orientations Theory Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation Identifies how individual differences alter how the environment is perceived. Identifies three orientations – autonomy, control (rewards) and impersonal (amotivational).

  50. Self-determination theory Basic Psychological Needs Theory

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