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Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Through Student Engagement Practices

Learn how to boost student achievement by implementing the Instructional Practices Inventory (IPI) to increase cognitive engagement. Discover the importance of cognitive engagement, IPI process, and the impact on teaching and learning.

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Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Through Student Engagement Practices

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  1. Instructional Practices Inventory (IPI):HOW TO INCREASE HIGHER ORDER/DEEPER THINKING…STUDENT ENGAGEMENT Glenna Heinlein State School Improvement Specialist gplymale@access.k12.wv.us

  2. 3 Ways toIncrease Student Achievement A rigorous and relevant curriculum Teachers with skill and knowledge to deliver the curriculum Students engaged with the curriculum and with their own learning (Bloom, Marzano. John Hattie, Wayne K. Hoy, Good and Brophy, Elmore, etc.)

  3. What is Engagement? Types……. • Social • Emotional • Physical • Cognitive

  4. Cognitive Engagement • Just because a student is involved (attending to task) does not mean they are cognitively processing, because engagement can be physical, emotional, social, or cognitive. • DOK focused on the cognitive process. • IPI – Focuses on the students’ involvement in the cognitive process.

  5. What is IPI? IPI is a process… .. for gathering data on student engagement (HO/D or not HO/D) .. for using the data as a basis for faculty collaboration and problem solving .. resulting in instructional practice changes ..Developed by Dr. Jerry Valentine

  6. Goal of the IPI Process… • to provide an OPTIMUM school wideprofile of student engagement that faculty will view as fair and accurate • to create a level of comfort to study the data objectively and use the data as the basis for continuous collaborative conversation and problem–solving.

  7. What IPI “Is” and “Is Not” • It is NOT about teacher evaluation • It IS about students engaged with their learning • It is NOT a program • It IS a process • It is NOT about the “activity” in which the students are engaged • It IS about “how” the students are engaging in the activity

  8. WHY do we do the IPI process? • For overall school improvement in teaching and learning • To increase student engagement with the curriculum and their own learning • To connect IPI categories to DOK levels • For school growth…

  9. 4 Questions: HOW do we… 1. Collect data? 2. Depict data in simple format? 3. Study and reflect about the data? 4. Use the data?

  10. PROTOCOLS A feasible, systematic process for collecting observation data that is fair and accurate.

  11. Collecting Engagement Data Protocols: • “typical” school day • give notification • who codes • develop a plan • all learning settings • snapshot • regular learning time • substitutes • focus on students • majority • collect large volume of data points • protect anonymity

  12. HOW do we do it? 2 Mental Images 1. Collect Data • Collaborative Conversations with Staff

  13. 1stMental Image Develop a plan Step into classroom Look at kids Look at work Talk to kids/teacher Step out into hall and code Total Time: Average 1-3 minutes 100-150 Observations per day 1. Collect Data

  14. 2nd Mental Image 2. Collaborative Conversations with Staff • Place teachers randomly in small groups • Distribute data profiles • Engage in collaborative conversations about data • Trigger Questions: a. Typical day? Classroom? b. Celebrations? c. Issues/Concerns? d. What is our plan?

  15. CATEGORIES ARE….. “Descriptions of student engagement” Higher Order OR Not Higher Order

  16. Higher Order/Deeper Learning is….. Application Creativity Deeper Analytical Thinking Problem Solving Synthesis Critical Thinking Decision Making Analysis is the beginning of Higher Order

  17. NOTHigher Order/Deeper Learning is… Recall, Memorization, Simple Process, Simple Understanding, Fact finding, Skill Development, Practice

  18. RUBRIC – 6 IPI Categories Student-Engaged Instruction 6 – Student active engaged learning - HO 5 – Student learning conversations – may be teacher stimulated but not teacher dominated – HO ________________________________________ Teacher-Directed Instruction 4 – Teacher-led instruction – Not HO 3 – Students doing seatwork, etc. but teacher assistance/support is evident – Not HO Disengagement 2 – Students doing seatwork, etc. but teacher assistance/support not evident – Not HO 1 – Complete disengagement – students not engaged in learning related to curriculum

  19. IPI Categories: Higher Order/Not Higher Order H6 ACTIVE LEARNING O 5 N 4It is about the amount of time spent above and below category 4. O 3 PASSIVE LEARNING T 2 HO 1

  20. 6—Student Active Engaged Learning (HO/D) • Students can be doing independent work or working together...but no verbal discourse. • Common Examples (if HO/D): • Inquiry-based approaches such as project and problem-based learning, research and discovery learning • Authentic demonstrations • Independent metacognition, reflective journaling, and self-assessment • Higher-order responses to higher-order questions. Pre 2004: 18-20% Post 2004 13-15%

  21. 5—Student Learning Conversations (HO/D) • Student(s) to student(s) verbal learning. • Common examples (if HO/D): • collaborative or cooperative learning • Peer tutoring, debate, and questioning • Partner research and discovery/exploratory learning • Socratic learning • Small group or whole class analysis and problem solving, metacognition, or reflective discussions • 3-5%

  22. 4—Teacher-Led Instruction (Not HO/D) Teacher leads the learning experience by disseminating content knowledge and/or directions for learning • Common Examples: • Teacher-directed Q/A, lecture, explanations • Teacher direction giving • Teacher demonstrations • 30-40%

  23. 3—Student Work with Teacher Engaged (Not HO/D) • Students doing seatwork, book work, worksheets, or tests with teacher assistance/support/attentiveness evident. • Common Examples: (Teacher Engaged) • Fact finding • Building skill or understanding through practice, seatwork, worksheets, chapter review questions • Multi-media • 25-30%

  24. 2—Student Work with Teacher Not Engaged (Not HO/D) • Students doing seatwork, book work, worksheets, or tests with teacher assistance/support/attentiveness NOT evident. • Common Examples: (Teacher Not Engaged) • While students are working, teacher is: Out of the room Working at computer Grading papers • 5-15%

  25. 1—Students Not Engaged in Learning • Students are disengaged or involved in something that is non-curricular. • Common Examples: • Students talking, daydreaming, or otherwise inattentive • Students misbehaving • Students not doing their assigned work • Playing non-curricular games. 3-5% High Ach: 0-1% Low Ach: 8-10+

  26. TYPICAL IPI CATEGORY PERCENTAGES 6 -- 13-14% 5 -- 3-5% 4 -- 30-40% 3 -- 25-30% 2 -- 5-10% 1 -- 3-5%

  27. IPI does not suggest:Eliminating Categories 4 - 3 rather…..it’s about the % of time spent above (HO) or below (Not HO) the line.

  28. Remember The IPI is NOT about the activity in which the students are engaged… The IPI is about HOW the students are engaging in the activity!

  29. NOT A HIERARCHY 6 5 4 3 2 1 Six distinct categories… ways of classifying how students are engaged

  30. Students are more engaged when thinking at a higher level • Learning increases as engagement increases

  31. How do we do it? 3 Step Process 1. Collect data using trained observers 2. Collaborative conversations with staff 3. Repeat the process

  32. COLLABORATIVE CONVERSATIONS……. Engaging the Staff

  33. 5 4 Brainstorm On topic And Share Stimulus: Facilitators give information to staff 5 Break into small groups for conversations 4 5 New Stimulus: Facilitators give new information and task Discuss and Share – Whole Group 5 Small groups talking with new information

  34. Examples: Activities for Faculty Debrief

  35. Activity #1… “Lets change it up” • Individually write specific instructions (lesson plan) that would change this scenario to H.O./deeper thinking lessons: (1) category 5(2) category 6 • Share and discuss at table • Whole group share out one example

  36. Activity #2… • Each table write a category 3 lesson, sign with table number • Post on wall • Rotate clockwise to next number and change the instruction to make it a category 5 (even numbers), or category 6 (odd numbers) • Share out to whole group

  37. Activity #3…Gallery Walk • Create a group “t” chart • Individually , think about and write(left side) specific instructions (lesson plan) on chart that would be a category 3 or 4. • Discuss as a group and list the thinking skill used (right side) for each activity/lesson. • Post on wall. • Gallery walk clock wise-beginning at your chart.

  38. What are the benefits? What’s in it for our school? • Provides us with data about student engagement • Generates collaborative faculty reflection and discussion about the data • Raises the bar for improving instructional practices • Leads to morehigher order, active and engaged student learning • Encourages purposeful, job embedded professional development • Improves student learning and achievement

  39. Results of Using the IPI Process

  40. Value of IPIWHY DO IT??? Builds capacity of staff to reflect upon their collective teaching practices and moves the bar of expectations toward more higher order/deeper thinking, active and engaged student learning.

  41. Lets practice coding!! Activity… Coding Scenarios

  42. IPI Example 1 As the observer enters the science classroom, the students are listening attentively to the teacher give them directions for the litmus experiment they will begin in a few minutes. Most of the students are making a few notes in their notebooks while the teacher explains the process. Which of the IPI categories should be coded for this example?

  43. IPI Example 1 As the observer enters the science classroom, the students are listening attentively to the teacher give them directions for the litmus experiment they will begin in a few minutes. Most of the students are making a few notes in their notebooks while the teacher explains the process. IPI Code: Category 4—Teacher-Led Instruction

  44. IPI Example 2 As the observer enters the language arts classroom, the students are creating (original) poems. The teacher is moving among the students encouraging them as they work. They have a rubric on their desks that addresses rhyme, meter, imagery, content, emotion, and length. As you read the first few stanzas of some of the poems you are impressed with their depth of thought and emotion. Which of the IPI categories should be coded for this example?

  45. IPI Example 2 As the observer enters the language arts classroom, the students are creating (original) poems. The teacher is moving among the students encouraging them as they work. They have a rubric on their desks that addresses rhyme, meter, imagery, content, emotion, and length. As you read the first few stanzas of some of the poems you are impressed with their depth of thought and emotion. IPI Code: Category 6—Student Active Engaged Learning

  46. IPI Example 3 As the observer enters the 8th grade math classroom the students are seated at their tables completing a textbook assignment. When you look at their work you see they are independently computing practice word problems about the total cost of several consumer items and the amount of change to expect. The teacher is working at her computer creating a test and has her back to the students. Which of the IPI categories should be coded for this example?

  47. IPI Example 3 As the observer enters the 8th grade math classroom the students are seated at their tables completing a textbook assignment. When you look at their work you see they are independently computing word problems about the total cost of several consumer items and the amount of change to expect. The teacher is working at her computer creating a test and has her back to the students. IPI Code: Category 2—Student Work w/o Teacher Involved

  48. IPI Example 4 As the you enter the seventh grade social studies class, the students are watching selected segments of the movies Pearl Harbor and Midway. The teacher is standing by the DVD/VCR player watching the segments with the students. You can tell from the books on the students’ desks that the class is studying WWII. You are in the room about one minute. Which of the IPI categories should be coded for this example?

  49. IPI Example 4 As the you enter the seventh grade social studies class, the students are watching selected segments of the movies Pearl Harbor and Midway. The teacher is standing by the DVD/VCR player watching the segments with the students. You can tell from the books on the students’ desks that the class is studying WWII. You are in the room about one minute. IPI Code: Category 3—Student Work with Teacher Involved

  50. IPI Example 5 As the you enter the eighth grade art classroom, the students are in small groups of four or five students. Each group has a print of a classic painting and the students are discussing the paintings. The discussions are stimulated by two analysis-level questions written on the board. One student in each group is taking notes for the group. As you begin to leave the room two minutes after entering, you hear the teacher say that it is time to explain their group analyses and defend them to the whole class. Which of the IPI categories should be coded for this example?

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