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Understanding Gene and Chromosome Mutations in Genetics

Gene mutations involve changes in nitrogen bases; for instance, thymine to guanine. Chromosome mutations result in segment duplications, altering chromosome structures. Turner syndrome involves monosomy with one X chromosome, while Down syndrome is trisomy with three 21 chromosomes.

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Understanding Gene and Chromosome Mutations in Genetics

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  1. Gene mutations A A G T A: Adenine T: Thymine A: Adenine G: Guanine Mutations affect a nitrogen base of a gene; for instance, thymine is changed for guanine.

  2. Chromosome mutations a b c a b c d e a b c d e a b c d e d e a b c a b c In this example, the mutation produces the duplication of the chromosome segment shown as abc. This mutation will show a change in the structure of the chromosome, which, as can be seen, has grown in size.

  3. Genomic mutations Turner syndrome is a monosomy which affects the sexual chromosome pair; in other words, the individual shows one sexual chromosome only (X). Down syndrome is a trisomy which affects the 21 chromosome pair; in other words, the individual has three 21 chromosomes instead of two.

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