Aalto Energy Efficiency Research Programme (AEF)

1. Aalto Energy EfficiencyResearchProgramme (AEF) Energy efficiency is by nature a multidisciplinary research field: all Aalto Schools can make significant contributions on the matter Investment for a long-term, energy-related research aiming at leading edge international collaboration and industry-academia joint projects Altogetherca. 12 M€ is invested in the programmeduring the years 2012-2017 (option to 2019) Nine research consortia within the Aalto University Schools are currently running, each funded for four years Eachresearchprojecthasmembersfrom at leasttwodifferent Aalto Schools (SCI, ENG, CHEM, ELEC, BIZ, ARTS). The projectsareambitious and rangefromartificialstreetsto testhouses A part of a new strategic platform focused on energy, The Aalto Energy Platform energyefficiency.aalto.fi aalto.fi/energyplatform

2. Efficient and SafeTrafficEnvironments • Increase outdoor lighting energy-efficiency by providing criteria for smart lighting systems, taking into account visibility, traffic situation, safety and environmental and economical aspects. • Mesopic photometry • - Visual adaptation in driving • Instruments, metrology • International implementation • Energy efficiency • - Outdoor lighting optimisation • - LED lighting • Efficient use of light • Traffic safety • Surrogate safety studies • Cost-benefit ratio of road lighting • Mobile mapping • - Environmental models • Energy analysis • Built environment maintenance • Economic and societal impact • - Living labs in overall optimisation • Transition management • LCA and environmental impacts • Smart lighting • Energy when needed • Living Lab, user-centric design LIGHT ONLY WHEN AND WHERE IT IS NEEDED SAFETY, VISIBILITY, EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY Groups: Lighting Unit Research Institute of Measuring and Modelling for the Built Environment Metrology Research Institute; Transportation EngineeringCentre for Knowledge and Innovation Research; Department of Design

3. Helsinki metropolitanarea: Commuting with Crowdsensing • Background application for mobile device (sensing, guidance and notifications) • User benefits: advise is based on real-time traffic data • Pioner-level data processingdoesnotdrain the battery! • Motivation: For each weekday public transportation is used instead of a private car, the energy-save is 5 % Groups: Inform. & Comp. Science Institute for Information Tech. Transportation Engineering Service Economy 3. Data fusion to predict the traffic situation 4. Generates alternative travel chains 2. Predicts Current routes Better route Better travel time Better bus connection Ridesharing Park & ride 13 5. Advices about problems and options down the road 1. Learns regular routes from trip observations Congestion Accident Full parking lot Delayed bus

4. Energy efficient Building in Helsinki UrbanAreas New housingtypologies Architecture, buildingtechnology, heating,ventilation & electrotechnicalsolutions User options Privatecaror no car? Groups: Housing Architecture Building Technology Electrical Engineering Energy Technology • Helsinki favorsEuropean-styleTownhouses in zoningdue to theirareaefficiency;demand is stilllow and constructorshesitate, why? • What is truely the localequivalent of thishousingtypology in a country thatidolizesprivate, detachedhouses? How to builditmoreenergyefficientbutaffordable, and make the most of the urbaninfrastructure? www.yleiskaava.fi ; Picture by Jouni Suominen

5. Energy-EfficientLivingSpaces Especially for Refurbishing! Applicable for Private & Office Spaces Groups: Wood Techn. &SurfaceChem. Wood Architecture Energy Technology EnvironmentalPsychology Otaniemi testhouses Can wereduceindoortemperatureby 1-2 °C and stillmaintain the comfort of living just byusingmorewoodeninteriors and improvingspatial design? Poorly-designedinteriorsincrease the need of heatingenergy, thermalcycle s needoptimisation Wood hassuperbpropertiesbynature: humiditybalancing, psycologicallycalming, thermodynamicallywarm and insulating => affect the user-experience of comfortableindoortemperature Options to improvewoodresistancetowardsexcesshumidity: chemicalsurfacemodificationormechanicalprocessing. Traditionaltreatmentsdestroy the naturalproperties of wood (e.g. lacque, paint)

6. New NanotechnicalSolutions for Domestic and Industrial Use • Novelheatstorages to beintegrated in the southern Finland houses: the yearlyneed of a low-energybuildingcanbestoredduring summer usingexcessheat of the powerplants into a moderate-sizedheatstorage => nanometer-scalemodifications to improveinsulation and storagecapacitydramatically • Development of nanofoamsinstead of glasswool/styrofoam: thermalradiationscatters => fivefoldgrowth in insulationproperties • Nanodroplets and –particles into heat-transferliquids, inexpensivematerials in lowamounts=> improvedstorage and transfercapacity Groups: AppliedPhysics Material Science & Eng. Energy Engineering Radio Science & Eng. • Improvedheat-transferliquidscanincrease the electricityproduction of powerplantsby 5-8 % withoutcompromising the heatproduction. Minimaltechnicalchanges, improvementcomesthroughpressure and temperaturedrops in the process.

7. Waste Heat to Electricity: Thermoelectrics • The materialitselfconvertsheat to electricity, requires a temperaturedifference on oppositeends. The bigger the gradient, the better the performance • Applicablee.g. in vehicles (wasteheatexhaustgases), industrialprocesses, even for householdfireplaces and chimneys, hybridsolarcollectors • Beneficial in placeswhereelectricity is scarcelyavailable • Focus on finding new thermoelectricmaterials, assemblingtestmodules and integratingthem into domesticconcepts ColdWater Generator Hot Air Groups: Chemistry Electrical Engineering Industrial Desingn ChimneyCrosscut

8. Smartgrids and pan-EuropeanEnergy Markets • Movingfromcentralized to de-centralizedenergyproduction and transmission • Integration of renewablesunbalances the currentnetwork, variability of consumptionnotefficientlyutilised => digitalnetwork to directconsumersoptions & choicesduringpeakhours • Electrical & automation engineering meetseconomics and consumers • Europe is in need to better combine its electrical network. Intermittent renewables and consumption balancing create pressure for the current system. • Requires complex modelling of the present and future scenarios, heat should be included! • The role of regulations, technologies and marketprices to investments Groups: Energy Technol., Electrical Eng. Information and Service Economy Mathematics and System Analysis Groups: Electrical & Automation Eng. Energy Technology Energy economics

9. New Energy Conversion Technologies and Applications • Carbon nanotube for solar panels • carbon-based electronics can multiply the efficiency, transparency allows building integration • Carbon-metal hybrid components to increase the performance of industrial electrodes • Current solutions have huge overpotential wasting electricity • Target especially in the mining sector • Improved manufacturing of LEDs • New semiconductordevice with superiorproperties Groups: Micro- and Nanotechnology AppliedPhysics Chemistry