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Working With Mindfulness

Working With Mindfulness. We know what it is, but do we really know what we are doing?. James Hegarty PhD PgDipClinPsych FNZCCP. Image accessed from: http://visionpsychology.com/topics-of-interest/mindfulness/. A Proposed Plan. What is mindfulness?

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Working With Mindfulness

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  1. Working With Mindfulness We know what it is, but do we really know what we are doing? James Hegarty PhD PgDipClinPsych FNZCCP Image accessed from: http://visionpsychology.com/topics-of-interest/mindfulness/

  2. A Proposed Plan What is mindfulness? Why is our definition or understanding of mindfulness important for therapy? Identify some of the anomalies around common approaches to mindfulness. Look at some ways of using it in therapy? Hopefully have conversations around some of these issues.

  3. What Did We Experience

  4. Acceptance and Mindfulness Processes

  5. What is Mindfulness? “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994)

  6. What is Mindfulness? a receptive attention to and awareness of present events and experience(Brown & Ryan, 2003). ‘awareness of present experience with acceptance’ (Germer, Siegel, & Fulton, 2005, p. 7).

  7. What is Mindfulness? “the self-regulation of attention so that it is maintained on immediate experience, thereby allowing for increased recognition of mental events in the present moment.” and ‘a particular orientation toward one’s experiences in the present moment, an orientation that is characterised by curiosity, openness, and acceptance.’ (Bishop et al., 2004,)

  8. What is Mindfulness? The DBT conceptualization of mindfulness includes a set of skills that are “the intentional process of observing, describing, and participating in reality nonjudgmentally, in the moment, and with effectiveness” (Dimidjian & Linehan, 2003).

  9. What is Mindfulness? “can best be understood as the process of drawing novel distinctions” (Langer and Moldoveanu,2000). Which is seen as leading to “1) a greater sensitivity to one's environment, (2) more openness to new information, (3) the creation of new categories for structuring perception, (4) enhanced awareness of multiple perspectives in problem solving”.

  10. What is Mindfulness? “Sati” - memory, presence, wakefulness with a sense of attending, and sati of the present moment Not strong concentration

  11. What is Mindfulness? Now go to the woods, to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, sit down in cross legged position, and straighten your body. Establishing present moment awareness right where you are, breath in, simply aware, then breath out, simply aware. Anapanasati suta

  12. Breathing in long, know directly I am breathing in long. Breathing out long, know directly I am breathing out long. . . I breath in, sensitive to the entrie body. I breath out sensitive to the entire body. What is Mindfulness?

  13. What is Mindfulness? ‘the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment’ (Kabat-Zinn, 2003,) - An operational definition: defines an ‘operation’ which is practiced in meditative training. a non-conceptual seeing into the nature of mind and world’ (Kabat-Zinn, 2003)

  14. What is Mindfulness? “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally”

  15. What is Mindfulness? paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment

  16. What is Mindfulness? paying attention in a particular way: on purpose

  17. What is Mindfulness? paying attention

  18. What is Mindfulness? Allowing the present to be as it is. Glenn Wallis Roshi

  19. What is Mindfulness? Mindful attention requires allowing experience. This requires trust “trust in actual experience before we make anything of it – before beliefs, thoughts, signs, explanations, justification, and other constructions of our minds take form.” Stave Hagen

  20. What is Mindfulness? A conscious attending without any conceptual overlay.Jim

  21. Derived stimulus relations Dick Spot Jane

  22. Derived stimulus relations and the transformation of stimulus functions Snake Grass Danger

  23. No Money Can’t give kids money Grief Laughed at No Job Uncle Peter Embarrassed Shame Pain Limp Agony Hurt Death Cancer Not again I can’t Stand it Hospice

  24. Acceptance and Mindfulness Processes

  25. What do we do when we try to be mindful? The first thing we do is we attend to what is happening Then we learn to tolerate our experience. Stick with it and tolerate what is occurring. We allow our experience. Accept it, fully embrace it. Investigate, or inquire (in a non-conceptual way)

  26. In Psychological Terms What Do We Do when we are Mindful?

  27. In Psychological Terms What Do We Do when we are Mindful? attend exposure response prevention Compare this to our normal approach to exposure

  28. Thinking of mindfulness as a method of exposure what do we do? develop the skill to attend develop the skill to defuse from thoughts develop the skill to tolerate unwanted emotions develop the skill to become aware of and not respond to urges, or impulses (that at first seem automatic)

  29. In Psychological Terms What Do We Do when we are Mindful? With mindfulness practice we develop these basic skills with generally neutral stimuli We build the skills from the ground up - building skills which we hope will generalize to various situations once the skills are developed they can then be used (hopefully) more effectively with difficult material then these skills can be used with a range of situations

  30. Acceptance and Mindfulness Processes

  31. “This is your life. It's all you've got. So live your life to the fullest by looking it in the eye, and do what you can to help others do the same; and so the chain continues” Diane Rizzetto (form Waking up to What You Do)

  32. Extra Bonus Slides Not used in the presentation

  33. Many conceptualizations of mindfulness confuse the results of mindfulness practice with the practice of mindfulness Mindfulness as an operation – An Activity Versus The results of Mindfulness practice

  34. Correlations Between Mindfulness Facets and Related Constructs . Mindfulness Facet . Construct Observe Describe Actaware Nonjudge Nonreact Predicted positive correlations: Openness to experience .42*** .19*** .02 –.07 .18*** Emotional intelligence .22*** .60*** .31*** .37*** .21*** Self-compassion .14*** .30*** .40*** .48*** .53*** Predicted negative correlations: Alexithymia –.08 –.68*** –.42*** –.34*** –.19*** Dissociation .27*** –.32*** –.62*** –.49*** –.12 Absent-mindedness .16*** –.28*** –.61*** –.41*** –.15*** Psychological symptoms .17*** –.27*** –.48*** –.50*** –.31*** Neuroticism .07 –.23*** –.44*** –.55*** –.35*** Thought suppression .16*** –.23*** –.36*** –.56*** –.22*** Difficulties emotion regulation –.02 –.38*** –.40*** –.52*** –.36*** Experiential avoidance .12 –.23*** –.30*** –.49*** –.39*** NOTE: In each row, the largest correlation is shown in bold, and correlations that differ significantly from the largest (p < .01) are shown in italics. ***p < .001. Baer, R. A., et al. (2006). p41.

  35. Many conceptualizations of mindfulness confuse the results of mindfulness practice with the practice of mindfulness Is describing mindfulness? Is being non-judgemental mindfulness? Is observing mindfulness Is beign equanmous part of mindfulness? What is the realtionship of compassion to mindfulness?

  36. These are the sort of questions we need to be aware of if using mindfulness as part of therapy The language we use to describe mindfulness determines how people will approach it

  37. Why use mindfulness in therapy It seems to be useful there is evidence that it helps: ↓ Anx, ↓ Dep, ↓ Emotional reactivity, ↓ substance abuse, ↓ rumination, helps improve relationships, useful in the treatment of pain, may make better therapists Theoretical (psychological) and Biological mechanisms seem to exist

  38. Kirk, U., Downar, J & Montaqgue, R (2011) Interoception drives increased rational decision-making in meditators playing the ultimatum game, frontiers in Neruoscience, 5, Article 49.

  39. Mindfulness starts with the body: somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation Kerr, C, Sacchet, M. D., Lazar, S. W., Moore, C. L., & Jones, S. R., (2013). Mindfulness starts with the body: somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 2013 | doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00012

  40. Various Therapies use Mindfulness in different ways MBSR / MBCT MiCBT DBT CEB ACT

  41. Problems of Mindfulness in Clinical Practice Widely used, poorly understood No agreed upon definition No fully valid psychological measure of mindfulness No agreement on the best method of training mindfulness No agreed upon skill set, or training for therapists

  42. Why don't you want to practice?

  43. Why Don't you want to Practice? Mindfulness is a body based practice Mindfulness can be uncomfortable Mindfulness can be scary

  44. ACT as the most Buddhistic of modern therapies. It is not Buddhism, however it's core processes map fairly clearly on the basic tenets of Buddhism These can be described as things to do Embrace (fully know) suffering Let go of grasping Experience stopping and create a path – live it

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