An Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800

1. An Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800 Chapter 19

3. Vocabulary Bartolommeo Dias: Portuguese explorer. 1st to sail around Africa. Prince Henry: “Henry the Navigator” Set up navigation school. Opened exploration for everyone Vasco da Gama: 1st to sail from Europe to India (directly) Treaty of Tordesillas: Pope Alexander IV peace between Spanish/Portuguese. Line of Demarcation split the Americas up for S/P. Dutch East India Company: Dutch trading company that controlled trade in Asia ($$RICH$$)

4. Vocabulary II Zheng He: Famous Chinese explorer Daimyo: Japanese feudal lord/noble Tokugawa Shogunate: A dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603-1867. (Isolation) Haiku: Japanese poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables

5. An Age of Exploration and Isolation Chapter 19:1 1400-1800 GLORY GOD GOLD

6. Main Idea Questions What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration? What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it? What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

7. Europeans Explore the East“God, Glory, and Gold” • Many Factors Encourage Exploration (3 G’s) • Europeans Seek Greater Wealth • Demand for spices and other Eastern goods increased after Crusades • (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper) • Trade routes controlled by Muslim and Italian Merchants • Wanted to find different way East • The Spread of Christianity • Europeans wanted to spread Christian ideas and convert non-Christians

8. For “God, Glory and Gold” 65 Feet Long (average) Large cargo area Shallow depth • Technological Advances • Invention of triangular sails allowed ships to sail against the wind • Invention of astrolabe, sextant, and compass allowed sailors to accurately navigate • Caravel: Sturdy Hull, triangular sails (against the wind) astrolabe and the magnetic compass

9. Portugal Leads the Way • The Portuguese Explore Africa • Prince Henry the Navigator founded a school to promote exploration (1419) • Wanted to find a sea route to Asia • Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia • In 1487, Bartholomew Dias becomes the 1st European to round S. Africa • In 1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea, trade route opened from India to Portugal

10. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean Vasco da Gama • Portugal’s Trading Empire • During the early 1500’s, Portugal captures ports in India, the East Indies, and the Philippines • Portugal had trade monopoly in Asia, allowing it to become the richest European Country

11. Trading in the Indian Ocean • Other Nations Drive out the Portuguese • In 1521, Spanish explorer Magellan becomes the first to round the world • The Dutch captured the East Indies in 1581, formed the Dutch East India Company • European Trading Outposts • While Europeans controlled coastal ports, majority of inland native peoples remained unaffected

12. Spain Also Makes Claims • Spanish attempted a direct route to Asia • 1492 • The Portuguese believed that Columbus reached Asia • Spain vs. Portugal over newly “claimed” lands • Spain and Portugal are bothExtremely Catholic!!! • Pope Alexander VI stopped a potential war • Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation Zone

15. Other Nations Challenging The Portuguese • The Dutch Republic (The Netherlands) • 1600: 20,000 ships • Dutch East India Company • Private Company to lead colonization • Exploration of the East Indies (Batavia, Java) • France and England develop their own East India Companies • Only gained access to port cities

16. Main Idea Questions: PG 535 What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration? What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it? What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

17. China Limits European Contacts Chapter 19:2

18. The Rise of the Ming • Hongwu drives out the Mongols in 1368 • Helped restore farms, removed Mongol traces and promoted China’s historical past!! • Returned to Confucian ideals • Tyrant who feared being revolts • Son Yonglo moved capital to Beijing and constructed the Forbidden City

19. The Forbidden City Beijing Started in 1406 14 years to construct 800 buildings with 9,000 rooms Largest palace complex in the world Hidden from public view No foreigners were allowed Home of the Royal Family

21. China Under the Ming Dynasty The Voyages of Zheng He Columbus vs. Zheng He • Chinese Marco Polo • 40-300 ship voyages • “Treasure Ship” 500ft • 1.5 Football Fields • 27,000 crew members in the fleet (City of Jamestown) • Distributed gives of silver and silk • 16 countries wanted to trade with Ming Dynasty • 7th voyage was the last (1433)

23. Ming Foreign Relations • 1500s Ming Isolationism • 3 International Port Cities • Canton, Macao, Ningbo • Smugglers Industry (European and Chinese) • Used Silver from South American Mines • China did not Industrialized because…. • Confucian Ideas (farm life) • Chinese Economy favored farms (high taxes on merchants) • Christian Missionaries • Brought Christianity, science/technology ie “Clock” • Matteo Ricci

24. Manchus Found the QingDynasty • Manchus (From Manchuria) establishes the Ming Dynasty • Ruled for 260 years • Expanded to Taiwan, Central Asia, Mongolia and Tibet • Kangxi ruled 60 years • Peace and prosperity • Thirst for knowledge

25. Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group • Chinese Exclusion • Chinese “Middle Kingdom” (Center of the Universe) • Foreigners must follow Chinese customs to trade (Dutch) • Kowtow: Kneeling-head to ground 9 times (respect) • Dutch became exclusive trading partner • Tea

26. Dutch vs. English Dutch Respected Chinese customs English did not respect (NO KOWTOW) Dutch gained access/British did not!! “…nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.” Qian-Long

27. Life In Ming and Qing China Families and the Role of Women No Retirement Homes In China New increases in fertilizer allowed for more population Chinese favored sons over daughters Elderly parents would live with Sons Women raised the children and tended he home

28. Japan Returns to Isolation Chapter 19:3

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30. Japan Limits Western Contacts • 1467-1568 period of “Warring States” • Daimyos Take Control • Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan • Brought all of Japan under control in 1600-1868 • Continued feudalism in Japan • Emperor and Shogun • Shogun has all the Power!!

32. Life In Tokugawa Japan • Three words…..Stability, Prosperityand Isolation • Farmers produced more food=more population • Structured society (Feudalism) • Confucian ideals influenced society (Farmers!!) • Mid 1700s shifted to urban society • Edo (old fishing village) changes to Tokyo (Million)

33. Culture Under The Tokugawa Shogunate • Samurai attended dramas called Noh Dramas • Glorified Samurai life • Tragic themes, battles, courage • Haiku: Short poetry expressing images • Kabuki: Plays where actors mime in elaborate costumes

34. Kabuki Theater

35. Contract Between Europe and Japan Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants and Tech. Christian Missionaries in Japan • 1543 first European contact • (shipwrecked Portuguese) • Cultural Diffusion • Brought Clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms • Daimyo welcomed strangers • Bought weapons • Sword vs. Gun • Accepted missionaries b.c. they wanted guns • Tokugawa Ieyasu did not like Christians • 1612 Banned Christianity • Revolt in Southern Japan was blamed on Christians • Forcible kick/killed Christians

36. Christian Missionaries In Japan 1549 Christian Missionaries arrive By 1600, 300,000 Japanese converts Tokugawa Ieyasu disliked/distrusted Christians 1612 Christianity is banned 1637 Christianity is banned after a revolt

37. The Closed Country Policy • Loved European Trade…..Hated European ideas/ways • Feared revolt • 1639 “Closed Door Policy” • One Port: Nagasaki • Only Dutch and Chinese allowed • Spanish/Portuguese banned • Shoguns controlled Nagasaki • 200 years of European Isolation • Japanese forbidden to leave • Self sufficient country

38. The Closed Country Policy • Shoguns and Samurai feared “outsider” ideas/ideals • “Closed Door Policy” • One open port: Nagasaki • Only Dutch and Chinese Merchants • Shoguns could control the single port • 200 years of isolation • Forbidden to leave • No new ideas from abroad • NO CULTURAL DIFFUSION

39. Main Ideas What happened during the period of “Warring States”? What was the structure of society in Tokugawa Japan? What were the new styles of drama, art and literature in Tokugawa Japan?

40. Chapter Quiz What were the three main reasons for the European Exploration? Name the famous Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty? What type of foreign policy did Japan use under the Tokugawa Shogunate?