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Origins of World War II

Origins of World War II. The Rise of Militarism: Hitler & Germany. War Debt and Reparations. By 1920 the Allies owed the US $10 billion The only way Allies could pay was to collect reparations from Germany Germany – forced to borrow $ to pay reparations

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Origins of World War II

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  1. Origins of World War II The Rise of Militarism: Hitler & Germany

  2. War Debt and Reparations • By 1920 the Allies owed the US $10 billion • The only way Allies could pay was to collect reparations from Germany • Germany – forced to borrow $ to pay reparations • - also printed more $ - led to massive inflation

  3. Hitler’s Reaction • Hitler was a young and bitter WWI vet at this time • Needed someone to blame for Germany’s problems • Became convinced that politicians, Jews, and Communists lost WWI not the German army

  4. Hitler’s Reaction • Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) – very radical • Beer Hall Putsch – tried to overthrow gov in 1923 • His efforts failed and he was placed in jail

  5. Hitler & Mein Kampf • While in jail he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Laid out his plans to restore German power • 1 – re-armament • 2 – War w/ France • 3 – War w/ Soviets

  6. Hitler & Mein Kampf • Hitler blamed the Jews, Communists, and intellectuals for German decline • Germany falls into deep depression • Many who had been ruined by the depression supported Hitler

  7. Hitler’s Rise to Power • 1932 the Nationalist Socialist Party (Nazis) came to power • Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany - 1933 • Hitler & his Third Reich (Empire) claim dictatorial powers through Martial Law – • Became Fuhrer in 1934

  8. Hitler’s Policies • Believed in “Racial Hygiene” • Prohibited all Jews and non-Nazis from holding government positions • Outlawed strikes and mandated military service • Nazi soldiers (Brownshirts)crushed all opposition • Violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming Germany

  9. Changes to Economy and Culture • Women stay at home – awarded for having four or more babies • Cut unemployment w/ public building projects – roads, dams, railroads • Berlin – 1936 Olympics • Creation of Volkswagen – “People’s Car”

  10. Hitler’s Early Expansion • March 1936 • German troops occupy the Rhineland • 1938 • - Alliance w/ Japan • - German troops overrun Austria

  11. Hitler’s Early Expansion • Sudetenland Region: • -Part of Czechoslovakia • -Had 3 million German-speaking residents • -Hitler demanded the region but Czechoslovakia refused

  12. Given to Germany in part of the Munich Agreement Britain – “the peace of our time” Hitler felt cheated out of War Sudetenland

  13. Anti-Semitism • = prejudice and or hostility towards Jews • - became the official policy of the German government • 1933 – 500,000 Jews in Germany • Jews not allowed to own guns

  14. Nuremberg Laws • Instituted in 1935 • Deprived Jews of their German citizenship and authorized the destruction of Jewish property • Jews cannot marry Germans

  15. Fleeing the Country • Wealthy and famous Jews could flee the country • Albert Einstein • Sigmund Freud • Most could not and had to stay and deal with Hitler

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