Instruction of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

1. Instruction of Students with Intellectual Disabilities Margaret Gessler Werts, Ph.D. Chapter 1 Appalachian State University

2. History • Persons with Mental retardation have always been in the population • Mentioned in documents in tombs in Thebes • Middle Ages– Persons with Mental retardation considered angels • Ancient Egyptians placed value on children Appalachian State University

3. Greek and Romans practiced infanticide Greece: Children considered property of the community Killed if they had a defect Rome: Children considered property of parents History Appalachian State University

4. History • Middle Ages • Medical advances . • Hippocrates . • Renaissance in Reformation . • “many are those who are ill were not thought to be mentally sick for as fools are of many kinds, so also are there many kinds of crazy people, not of one sort nor in one way, but in many ways of many sorts.” Appalachian State University

5. History • Platter • Martin Luther • “were merely a mass of flesh… with no soul.” Salem witch trials Appalachian State University

6. History • 17th and 18th centuries . • begging rampant • Institutional death rate at 75 to 80% • Periere • Taught deaf mutes • Developed simple sign language • Pinel • Moral treatment . • Worked to free patients of asyllums Appalachian State University

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8. Christmas in Purgatory1974 Burton Blatt and Fred Kaplan Appalachian State University

9. History Appalachian State University

10. "There is a wide range among the States in the cost per day spent for the care of the mentally retarded. Six States spent less than $2.50 a day per patient, while only seven States spent over $5.50 per day. Nationally, the average is $4.55 per day, less than one-sixth of the amounts spent for general hospital care." Appalachian State University

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12. "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me."Matthew XXV, 40 Appalachian State University

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14. "Perfected and modified according to circumstances, chains gave way (during the early nineteenth century) to a long series of other ingenuous contrivances, all designed to limit the patient's freedom of movement. According to Oegg, restraining devices were generally thought to be as necessary for the preservation of life as eating, drinking, etc."Emil Kraepelin Appalachian State University

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17. Thank heaven! The crisis --The danger is passed, And the lingering illness Is over at last --And the fever called 'Living' Is conquered at last."Edgar Allen Poe Appalachian State University

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19. "Cast upon this globe without physical strength or innate ideas, incapable in himself of obeying the fundamental laws of this nature which call him to the supreme place in the universe, it is only in the heart of society that man can attain the pre-eminent position which is his natural destiny. With-out the aid of civilization he would be one of the feeblest and least intelligent of animals. . ."Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard Appalachian State University

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21. We are wrestling with our own retardation to cope, ultimately, with the retardation of others. Appalachian State University

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25. "There are only two things wrong with most special education for the mentally handicapped; it isn't special, and it isn't education."Alice Metzner Appalachian State University

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29.  "Youngsters are often not taught to feed themselves; it is easier to drape a sheet around their shoulders and arms and spoonfeed them. They are often not given furniture or toys or help; they might get hurt. The meticulous attention paid to their corporal protection is in sharp contrast to the frequent failure to recognize those important aspects of personal dignity or feeling."Lewis B. Klebanoff Appalachian State University

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31. "It is clear that there should be legislation about education and that it should be conducted on the public system. But consideration must be given to the question. What constitutes education and what is the proper way to be educated?"Aristotle Appalachian State University

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33.  "A teacher who makes little or no allowance for individual differences in the classroom is an individual who makes little or no difference in the lives of his students."William Arthur Ward Appalachian State University

34. Human Rights: Myth Or Reality Rosemary F. Dybwad (1976) Appalachian State University

35. Next it must be stressed that there is a marked difference between human rights and legal rights. Legal rights are either derived from specific statutes or from basic pronouncements of the judiciary, the courts. Human rights cover much broader ground. They grow out of the human existence itself, may be formulated by philosophers or pronounced by some body such as the United Nations. Appalachian State University

36. Most legal rights relating to persons involve human rights, but you only need to recall the terror regimes of Hitler in Germany to remember legal rights which were devoid of any humanity. Appalachian State University

37. Use What You Have • : 1862 American Tract Society • This way and that way he went, until I was close at his side. "Have you lost any thing, my little fellow?" I asked. I expected to have a bright young face turned up to mine as he replied; but when the child raised his head, I was inclined to move away in disgust…   Appalachian State University

38. There was a silly, helpless look about the poor creature, that told at once why he was wandering hither and thither without any object. He had no mind to direct his steps. He was an idiot. His body was well; he could eat and sleep and enjoy himself like a mere animal, but he had no mind to make bright his eye, and give to his face a pleasing expression. Appalachian State University

39. “We Kept Our Retarded Child at Home.” Appalachian State University

40. MR 67: A First Report To The President On The Nation's Progress And Remaining Great Needs In The Campaign To Combat Mental Retardation Appalachian State University