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OPHTALMIC, NASAL & OTIC PREPARATIONS

OPHTALMIC, NASAL & OTIC PREPARATIONS. Ms. RIFFAT YASMIN. Contents. Ear Preparations: Anti infective Anti inflammatory Analgesics. Learning objectives. Discus the Otic preparations Categories the Otic preparations & their Uses

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OPHTALMIC, NASAL & OTIC PREPARATIONS

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  1. OPHTALMIC, NASAL & OTIC PREPARATIONS Ms. RIFFAT YASMIN

  2. Contents • Ear Preparations: Anti infective Anti inflammatory Analgesics

  3. Learning objectives • Discus the Otic preparations • Categories the Otic preparations & their Uses • Determine about Cerumen and its removal methods • Discuss the Ear drops Formulation • Interpret the Solvents used in Otic preparations • Briefly discuss Otitis Externa and its treatment • Enlist the commercially available products

  4. OTIC PREPARATIONS • Otic preparations are also known as Aural / Ear preparations. • Mostly they are used for Local therapeutic effects. • Otic preparations are most commonly available in solutions form, whereas suspensions and ointments have less applications.

  5. Uses of Otic Preparations • Ear preparations are usually placed in the ear canal to remove Cerumen ……? • They are also used for the treatment of ear infections, inflammation or pain. • They are categorized as: Cerumenolytic preparations Anti-infective preparations Anti-inflammatory Analgesic

  6. What is Cerumen?

  7. Answer. • Cerumen is the combination of the secretions of the Sweat & Sebaceous glands and of the External auditory canal. • If these secretions are not removed periodically they get dry and compact, sticky mass that holds dead epithelial cells, fallen hairs, dust and other contaminants. • Excessive accumulation of cerumen may cause itching, pain, inflammation and impaired hearing.

  8. Cerumen-Removing Solutions • Traditional methods: Traditional methods have long been used including: use of light mineral oil, vegetable oils, hydrogen peroxide. • Chemical methods: Different pharmaceutical solutions containing surfactant are used as Cerumenolytic preparations. e.g. Triethanolamine polypeptide oleate condensate.

  9. Contd. • Solutions e.g. 10% Sodium bicarbonate, 3% Hydrogen peroxide, 2% Acetic acid, and a combination of 0.5% aluminum acetate and .03% benzethonium chloride, used to remove cerumen. • Debrox: Ear drops containing Carbamide peroxide

  10. Ear Drops Formulation. • Ear drops: Are forms of medicine used to treat or prevent ear infections, especially infections of the Outer ear and ear canal (Otitis externa). • They may be available in solution or suspension form.

  11. Solvent of Otic Preparations • Anhydrous Glycerin, Propylene glycol are used as main solvent. • Being anhydrous / hygroscopic in nature they absorb the moisture from the inflamed area thus relieve the inflammation. • Propylene glycol emulsifies the cerumen thus facilitate its expulsion.

  12. Anti-infective Agents • Topical use of certain anti-infective agents such as Chloramphenicol, Colistin sulfate, Neomycin, Polymyxin B sulfate, in ear preparations. These agents are formulated as Ear Drops in anhydrous glycerin, propylene glycol. • Nystatin (a well known antifungal agent) is also formulated to suppress ear fungal infection, in the form of ear drops.

  13. Analgesic • When pain is associated with ear infection, certain commercial products are available in combination with anti-infective and analgesics. • Examples : Antipyrine (analgesic); Lidocaine, Benzocaine (local anesthetic).

  14. Anti-inflammatory Agents • In order to treat inflammatory condition, Hydrocortisone; Dexamethasone sodium phosphate(Steroids) are used.

  15. Contd. • Combination therapy: Sometimes a combination of orally administered anti-infective & topical anti-infective is used for specific time. e.g Fungal infection. • Some preparations are used for their dual use, such as Eye and Ear drops. • Packaging: 5-15mL glass or plastic container with dropper is usually available.

  16. Otitis Externa • Otitis externa (also known as "External otitis" and "Swimmer's ear”) is an inflammation of the outer ear/ear canal associated with pain. • Inflammation may be due to bacterial/fungal infection, and sometimes inflammation is not associated with infection but with eczema. • A combination of antibiotic-steroid is best for the treatment of Otitis Externa.

  17. Commercial products • Corticosporin otic solution -- contains polymyxin B (10,000 U), neomycin (3.5 mg), hydrocortisone (10 mg) /ml. • Gentamycin 0.3% -- contains gentamycin 3 mg/ml. • Coly-Mycin otic solution-- Colistin sulfate 3mg/ml, hydrocortisone 10 mg/ml, neomycin (3.3 mg) • Chloramphenicol otic solution (Chloromycetin, 0.5%, also contains propylene glycol)

  18. Contd. • Ciprodex ear drops (containing Ciprofloxacinand dexamethasone) • Ciproxin HC ear drops (containing ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone) • Gentisone HC ear drops (containing Gentamicin and hydrocortisone)

  19. THANK YOU

  20. Reference: • Ansel’s: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms & Drug Delivery Systems (8th Ed): by Howard C. Ansel Chapter: 17, pp: 563-565 • www.wiley inter science.com • www.google.com

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