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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ARE:-. TRACHEA EPIGLOTTIS LARYNX BRONCHUS BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI DIAPHRAGM. The air passes into the lungs down a tube called the TRACHEA. This is made up of rings of cartilage.

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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ARE:- • TRACHEA • EPIGLOTTIS • LARYNX • BRONCHUS • BRONCHIOLES • ALVEOLI • DIAPHRAGM

  3. The air passes into the lungs down a tube called the TRACHEA. This is made up of rings of cartilage.

  4. There are plates of cartilage at the top of the TRACHEA which widen at the point commonly called the “Adam’s Apple”.

  5. This is actually the LARYNX or “Voice Box”.

  6. This is protected by a flap of skin called the EPIGLOTTIS which closes when we swallow in order to prevent food from going down the TRACHEA.

  7. THE LIVING BODY- EPIGLOTIS

  8. Occasionally this doesn’t happen and we have all experienced feeling “choking” when food goes down the wrong way. At the bottom of the TRACHEA are 2 branches called the BRONCHI, through which air passes into either lung. Smaller and smaller branches, called BRONCHIOLES, extend out from the BRONCHI and at the very ends of these they form tiny sacs called ALVEOLI.

  9. ALVEOLI It is these that give the lungs their spongy texture. The linings of the ALVEOLI are very thin and only work well when they are moist and clean. When air is breathed in through the nose, it is: • FILTERED by the hairs at the entrance to the nose and by mucus. • WARMED by blood vessels passing close to the lining of the nose. • MOISTENED by water vapour.

  10. Summary of the various parts of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

  11. BREATHING IN When we breathe in, the cycle starts with the ribs lifting upwards and outwards.

  12. This is caused by the contraction of the intercostal muscles which are situated between the ribs.

  13. There is also movement in the body as the DIAPHRAGM contracts, changing from a dome shape to a flatter sheet.

  14. BREATHING OUT

  15. It relaxes when we breathe out, moving upwards back to a dome shape.

  16. BREATHING

  17. SUMMARY

  18. GASEOUS EXCHANGE The ALVEOLI are in very close contact with the blood capillaries, which contain red blood cells and Haemoglobin

  19. We have already seen that Haemoglobin carries oxygen and at this point in the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM it attracts the oxygen in the ALVEOLI. Whilst the oxygen is taken in, carbon dioxide is given out, into the Alveoli and is then breathed out.

  20. So the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM has 2 main jobs: • To get oxygen into the body • To get carbon dioxide out of the body.

  21. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  22. WHAT WE BREATHE As well as breathing in oxygen, we also breathe out a lot of oxygen. This is most important when we give mouth to mouth resuscitation. • The air we INHALE contains 20% oxygen and 0.4% carbon dioxide.

  23. 2. The air we EXHALE contains 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.

  24. This is why we can give the “kiss of life”

  25. BREATHING DEFINITIONS • TIDAL VOLUME- The amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath at rest or during exercise. • VITAL CAPACITY- The largest amount of air that can be made to pass into and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expiration.

  26. 3. OXYGEN DEBT- You will develop oxygen debt after about 5 minutes or more of constant exercise. This is the point when the exercise becomes ANAEROBIC (without the use of oxygen) and which has to be paid back later- hence OXYGEN DEBT. If the exercise is just AEROBIC (with oxygen) there will be no oxygen debt.

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