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Who are the Scots?

Who are the Scots?. The past is a different country. In the past, SCOTLAND is a different country. So who are the Scots?. What is Scotland?. Or: How to make your students realize that this is complicated. The book.

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Who are the Scots?

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  1. Who are the Scots?

  2. The past is a different country. . . In the past, SCOTLAND is a different country

  3. So who are the Scots? What is Scotland? Or: How to make your students realize that this is complicated

  4. The book • Broun, D., Finlay, R.J., Lynch, M. (eds), Image and Identity: the making and re-making of Scotland through the ages,John Donald 1998 • ISBN 0 85976 409 5

  5. Seminar groups / exercises • Scoti / Picti / fir nAlaban cluster • 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster • David I cluster • Administration cluster • Kingship / Allegiance cluster • Edward I cluster • William Wallace and Communitas Regni cluster • Origins cluster

  6. Scoti / Picti / fir nAlaban cluster • General early nomenclature: Scoti = Gaels/Irish • Bede > Scoti (Gaels) in Dal Riata (C7th) • Picti > non-Gael inhabitants of Alba? • Is Alba Pictland? Is it Scotia? • Gaelic sources: Goideli (Gaels) living in Alba = fir Alban (C10) - meaning? • Placenames: • Beinn an Albannaich in Argyll > what is the 'Albannach' here? • Stob Coir' an Albanaich > ditto.

  7. 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster • Holyrood chronicle (1150-1189) • Scotia includes territory south of Forth - Edinburgh is clearly mentioned • Unclear about Moray ?  

  8. 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster • Holyrood chronicle (1150-1189) • Fordun re 1214 • William I campaign: returned from Moray to Scotia ?  ? ?

  9. 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster ? • Holyrood chronicle (1150-1189) • Fordun re 1214 • De Situ Albanie (1202-1214): Scotia= • 1) mainland north of Forth/Clyde without Caithness  ? • 2) mainland north of Forth, minus Argyll & Lennox

  10. 'Where on earth is Scotia' cluster • Holyrood chronicle (1150-1189) • Fordun re 1214 • De Situ Albanie (1202-1214) • Melrose Chronicle (1216) • Scotia: south of Moray, but includes Galloway & Merse  

  11. 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster • Holyrood chronicle (1150-1189) • Includes south of Forth • Fordun re 1214 • William I returned from Moray to Scotia • De Situ Albanie (1202-1214): Scotia = • 1) mainland north of Forth/Clyde (minus Caithness) • 2) That, minus Argyll & Lennox • Melrose Chronicle (1216) • Scotia: south of Moray, but includes Galloway & Merse ? ?  ? ? ?

  12. David I cluster • Who does he talk to in his charters? • 'men of Moray and Scotia' • addressing French, English, Scots, Galwegians, Flemings, Welsh of his kingdom • the king's 'probi homines' • Consider why they are called this; why they are 'his' men, >> questions of allegiance

  13. Administration cluster • 843 Cinaed mac Alpin • Edinburgh added c. 960 • Strathclyde post 1018 • Treaties: • York 1237 (southern border) • Perth 1266 (Western Isles, Man) • Other administrative expansion: • Galloway 1235 • Creation of sherrifdoms of Lorn, Kintyre, Skye 1293 • > territory-based definition of 'Scotland' - standard 'central administration' view.

  14. Kingship / Allegiance cluster • David I charter: king's 'probi homines' • Documentation from Great Cause or reign of Margaret: Communitas Regni • Authority explicitly derived from king • King as symbol of nation • Bruce landholding in England pre-Wars of Independence > questions of allegiance • 1314 Statute of Cambuskenneth limiting landholding to either Scotland or England

  15. Edward I cluster • Examine actions with regard to John, 1297: • Removing king • Removing symbols of kingship • Removing symbols of royal saints • > attack on national identity as vested in king

  16. William Wallace and Communitas Regni cluster • Examine: • Letters & charters • diplomatic missions • Stirling Castle defense 1304 • Focus on: • King • not democracy or peasant rising or republic • Communitas Regni • derive authority from, and represent, the King

  17. Origins cluster • Take the following: • 1296 verse history of Scots • 1301 Bisset processus • 1309 Declaration of the Clergy • 1317 Letter of Irish Kings in support of Edward Bruce • 1320 Declaration of Arbroath • Compare: • Account of Scottish origins • Account of Scottish travels • Connections with Irish • Treatment of King John • Compare with findings of Scoti / Picti / fir nAlabain cluster

  18. Origins cluster - findings

  19. The 1320 situation • Concepts: • Identity not linked to particular origin - accepted Scottish origin myth rewritten • Sole allegiance relevant (Cambuskenneth) • Legitimate royal line written out of the record <> until 1304, fight for legitimate king had been mainstay of motivation • Kingship of present king 'conditional', not upon legitimacy of lineage but upon proper service and effectiveness • Division of kingdom's identity and sovereignty' from the 'legitimate dynasty'. (Watson) • Rhetoric, but not the type available to Guardians in 1290 or even 1297.

  20. Seminar groups / exercises • Scoti / Picti / fir nAlaban cluster • 'Where on earth is Scotia?' cluster • David I cluster • Administration cluster • Kingship / Allegiance cluster • Edward I cluster • William Wallace and Communitas Regni cluster • Origins cluster

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