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Cold War & The Postwar World

Cold War & The Postwar World. SS.A.3.4.9; SS.A3.4.10. The Yalta Conference. The Big Three meet in February 1945 Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange All three join new United Nations First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco

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Cold War & The Postwar World

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  1. Cold War & The Postwar World SS.A.3.4.9; SS.A3.4.10

  2. The Yalta Conference • The Big Three meet in February 1945 • Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan • Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange • All three join new United Nations • First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco • After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France • Sides divided over setting free elections

  3. Division of Germany

  4. Potsdam and New Struggles • July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany • President Truman replaces Roosevelt • Truman demands elections for Europe • Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better • Soviets had lost more than other Allies • Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany(1945-1946) • Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west

  5. Two Super Powers • After WWII, USA and USSR emerge as superpowers (military & political power) • Disagreements over how to rebuild Europe • 1947:Truman Doctrine • U.S. will help any country fight Communism • Fear of the spread of Soviet influence

  6. The Marshall Plan • U.S. Gen. George C. Marshall offers plan to help Europe recover from World War II • Soviet satellite states refuse the help • Soviet plans to help failed, not enough money • Policy of Containment: United States vow to keep Communism from spreading past its current boundaries, fight against Soviet aggression.

  7. Division of Germany • After war, Germany divided into four parts • U.S., U.S.S.R., U.K. & France split control • Berlin, German capital, also split in four • Berlin was located deep in Soviet East Germany • West Germany united, Soviets blockade • Soviets block supplies from reaching W. Berlin • Berlin Air Lift: supplies are flown into West Berlin by U.S. Air Force

  8. Cold War Heats Up • 1949: Communists take control of China • Americans worried about Communism’s spread • Soviets detonate an atomic bomb • Arms Race: Soviets and Americans build up militaries and weapons, improve bombs • Both superpowers had the power to destroy each other with nuclear weapons, so neither risked using them; alliances build

  9. The Bi-Polar World • The world splits into Communist and Anti-Communist alliances: • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): U.S., U.K., Belgium, Lux, France, The Neth., Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, Canada, W. Germany, Turkey, Greece • Warsaw Pact: U.S.S.R. & Eastern Block • By 1950s, USA allied with 42 nations against Communism

  10. Berlin Wall • Arms race builds steam with hydrogen bomb, ICBMs and stronger nukes • 1957: Soviet Sputnik I reaches space • USA believes it’s losing space race/arms race • Nikita Khrushchev, new Soviet leader, sees problem with East Germans escaping to the much richer, freer West Berlin • Soviets build a wall around West Berlin

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