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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. Chapter 5 State Standards: 3.b; 5.a; 7.c. Chapter 5-1: Elements. Elements. An element is made up of only one type of atom (particle) It is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances

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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Chapter 5 State Standards: 3.b; 5.a; 7.c

  2. Chapter 5-1: Elements

  3. Elements • An element is made up of only one type of atom (particle) • It is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances • A pure substance is when all the atoms (building blocks) are identical within the substance

  4. http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/PhysicalScience/periodic-table.gifhttp://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/PhysicalScience/periodic-table.gif

  5. Classifying Elements • Elements are classified according to their characteristic properties (physical & chemical) • Physical: hardness, melting point, density, thermal conductivity, color, etc. • Chemical: reactivity and flammability

  6. Grouping Elements • 3 Major Groups: • Metals: shiny, conduct heat and electrical current • Nonmetals: do not conduct heat or electric current, solid nonmetals are dull in appearance • Metalloids: have properties of both metals and nonmetals

  7. https://chemistry.twu.edu/tutorial/PER4.Gif

  8. Chapter 5-2: Compounds

  9. Compounds • Compounds are made by chemically combining two or more elements • Chemically combine to form a new substance with different properties Proteins are found in all living things

  10. Properties of Compounds • Compounds have their own unique physical and chemical properties • Physical: melting point, density, and color • Chemical: reactivity • Combine in specific ratios

  11. Breaking Down Compounds • Since compounds can only be formed chemically, they can only be broken down through a chemical change • Usually requires energy in the form of heat or electrical current

  12. Common Compounds CH3COOH • Vinegar (acetic acid) • Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate) • Table Salt (sodium chloride) • Carbonated Water (carbonic acid) • Citric Acid NaHCO3 NaCl H2CO3 C6H8O7

  13. Chapter 5-3: Mixtures

  14. Mixtures • Combination of two or more substances that are notchemically combined • Materials do not react to form a compound • Elements in a mixture keep their original properties (characteristic properties)

  15. Physically Separating Mixtures • Using a magnet • Centrifuge – separates mixtures based on densities • Filtering • Evaporating – heating • p143

  16. Solution • Solution is a homogeneous (evenly mixed) mixture containing two or more substances • A simple solution is two substances that are going to be combined. • Solute - the substance to be dissolved • Soluble – able to dissolve • Insoluble – unable to dissolve • Solvent - the one doing the dissolving • *substance with largest amount is solvent • Can be gases, liquids or solids

  17. Concentration of Solutions • The amount of a dissolved substance in a volume of mixture/solution (g/mL) • Solubility – how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent Concentrated Diluted Same amount of solute, different amount of solvent. Same amount of solvent, different amount of solute.

  18. Examples of Solutions Ex: Sugar in water vs. Sand in water. Sugar dissolves and is spread throughout the glass of water. The sand sinks to the bottom. The sugar-water could be considered a solution. The sand-water is a mixture.

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