ARC102B

1. ARC102B Moisture protection Protection of materials Lumber & other products Framing the house

2. Review • How many divisions are there in a set of specifications? • 49 • Concrete strength is measured in what type of units? • MPA ( megapascal ) • What is the minimum strength for concrete exposed to the environment? • 32 mpa with air entrainment

3. Review • Which type of concrete trowel will give you a smooth finish? • steel • Concrete footings should project a minimum of how many inches past the foundation wall? • 4” • Name 4 common types of materials used in foundation wall construction. • poured concrete, masonry block, preserved wood, precast concrete

4. Review • After pouring a concrete foundation wall, what should be inserted in the concrete before it starts to cure? • anchor bolts • What is the nominal size of a 10” concrete block? ( W x H x L ) • 10” x 8” x 16” • How much smaller is a concrete block from it’s nominal size? • 3/8”

5. Foundation dampproofing and water proofing page 65 • Dampproofing is required by all foundation walls that are part of a basement • Used to control the movement of moisture • Water-proofing is required only for foundations that are subject to hydrostatic pressures.

6. Foundation dampproofing • Dampproofing types • heavy coat of bituminous material (rolled, brushed or sprayed tar) • polyethylene sheet material • rubberized membrane (sprayed blue, green) • Drainage blankets are attached to the foundation walls after dampproofing to help in moving moisture to drainage tiles located at the footings.

7. Foundation drainage page 66 • First part of drainage is to slope ground away from the building • Perforated tile is installed on the outside of the footing on firm soil to help carry excess water away from the foundation • 6” minimum of clear gravel must cover the drainage tile which acts as a filter.

8. Foundation drainage • Drainage tile is connected to the storm sewers at the road • In areas of very wet sites, drainage tile will be installed along the inside of the footing and possibly laterally under the slab to prevent hydrostatic pressures.

9. Backfilling page 68 • Backfilling foundation walls should not be carried out until the floor joists and subfloor are in place • Backfilling material should be clean of construction waste • Uniform backfilling is necessary to prevent damage such as cracking in the walls.

10. Foundation insulation page 70 • Foundations can be insulated on the interior or exterior • Foundation walls must be insulated a minimum of 24” below finished grade • Interior insulation usually requires installing framing to support the insulation • Exterior insulation reduces the temperature swing which reduces thermal stress & cracking.

11. Footings & foundations for crawl spaces page 70 • The principal is the same except that the excavation is only a trench • There is no dampproofing required • Usually no concrete slab but the ground is covered with a 6 mil polyethylene sheet • The crawl space must be vented.

12. Protection & care of materials page 75 • taking care of job site materials will prevent wastage and troublesome construction defects • materials should be shipped to the site just before it is to be used • all materials should be placed on skids raised off the ground and covered to shed water

13. Protection & care of materials • as the framing is being constructed, it is very hard to protect material until the roof , windows and doors are in place • any materials that are exposed to moisture usually dry quickly during spring, summer and fall • insulation, wall and ceiling finish can be stored in the house • CAUTION with drywall stacked at one location for a prolonged period of time

14. Protection & care of materials • hardwood flooring, interior trim and millwork should not be on site until basement slab is in place and if possible the HVAC system is up and running

15. Lumber page 79 • most residential projects use dimension lumber 1 ½” to 3 ½” thick and 1 ½” to 11 ¼” • see page 364 for actual sizes of lumber Grades • grade markings are used to show that it conforms to the ( NLGA ) National Lumber Grades Authority & to CSA Standard 0141, Softwood Lumber

16. Grade Marks • Display • name or symbol of agency • species • grade • moisture content • mill number • see page 360

17. Grade • based on physical characteristics each piece of lumber is examined and assigned a grade • Select Structural is the highest quality available, where high strength, stiffness and good appearance are required • No 1 grade has larger knots but, still the high strength and stiffness of select structural • No 1 & 2 grades, are popular for most general construction uses

18. Grade • No 3 grade is used where appearance is not a factor • Stud grade is stiff, straight suitable for vertical wall members and also has the following grades: • construction • standard • utility • economy

19. EWP page 80 • Engineered Wood Products provide equivalent or better performance to dimension lumber • EWP uses less wood from small trees, which make better use of forest resources • Some of the EWP products are: • glue-laminated beams • wood I-joists • structural composite lumber

20. EWP • dimension lumber & wood products are often combined with glue or mechanical fasteners to produce EWP ( see page 81 ) • structural composite lumber consists of: • thin veneer strips or panels • waterproof adhesive • bonded by heat and pressure

21. Sheet or Panel Products • Plywood • multiple thin plies of wood running in opposite direction glued together • thickness range from 1/4” to 3/4” • exterior grade plywood has a different type of glue • Waferboard, Oriented Strand Board ( OSB ), Fiberboard, Particleboard and Hardboard

22. Framing the house page 85 • structural shell consists of the foundation, floors, walls, roof and some interior load bearing walls ( see diagram page 85 ) • the shell must be framed and sheathed to obtain its rigidity

23. Framing types • Two types of framing • platform • balloon • Platform • most common • floor system is built independently from the walls • studs are one storey • bottom & top plates provide a firestop at floor and ceiling and nailing support

24. Platform

25. Framing types • Balloon • rarely used • studs are continuous from foundation to roof • floor framing is installed after walls are built

26. Balloon

27. Assignment • All releases for visual project are due • Work on your visual project • Canadian Wood-Frame House Construction book mandatory for next week • Read pages 91 to 108