1 / 51

ENERGY STORAGE FOR THE MODERN GRID

ENERGY STORAGE FOR THE MODERN GRID. IMRE GYUK, PROGRAM MANAGER ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOE. APS 3 - 2 - 08. Energy Storage provides Energy when it is needed just as Transmission provides Energy where it is needed. 10000. 1000. 100. 10. 1. 10. 100. Scales of Power. Military.

kassia
Download Presentation

ENERGY STORAGE FOR THE MODERN GRID

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ENERGY STORAGE FOR THE MODERN GRID IMRE GYUK, PROGRAM MANAGERENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOE APS 3 - 2 - 08

  2. Energy Storage provides Energy when it is needed just as Transmission provides Energy where it is needed

  3. 10000 1000 100 10 1 10 100 Scales of Power Military Hybrid Electric Vehicles Utility Utility Current (A) Ships Consumer Products Traction Aerospace 1k 10k 100k Voltage (V)

  4. DRIVERS FOR THE MODERN GRID: DIGITIZATION OF SOCIETY: INCREASED POWER QUALITY ECOLOGICAL CONCERN: DISPATCHABLE RENEWABLES GROWTH IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION: INCREASED ASSET UTILIZATION ENERGY STORAGE OFFERS A SOLUTION!

  5. POWER ENERGY Seconds minutes – hours diurnal LOAD GRID ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS

  6. Storage Technologies and Regimes of Application A. Nourai

  7. RELIABILITYAND POWER QUALITYHas Become a Necessity for the Digital Society

  8. Any Stressed Un-buffered Non-linear System is Highly Susceptible to Collapse !

  9. Stored vs. Delivered Energy: • 2.5% U.S • 10% Europe • 15% Japan

  10. Momentary Interruptions(<5min) are More Costly than Sustained Interruptions Outage Costs for U.S. Industry estimated at$79 Billion Annually in a recent study by Joe Eto, LBLTotal U.S. Cost of Electricity $250 Billion Annually Joe Eto LBL

  11. Nine Nines of Reliability cannot be provided by Generation---Only Energy Storagecan provideseamless Continuity of Power Supply

  12. L/A Battery for Power Quality and Reliability 10 MW - 30 sec System at Microchip Plant

  13. Ni-Cd Battery for Outage Support World’s most Powerful Battery 40 MW in Fairbanks, Alaska! In 2006: responded to 82 events preventing 311,000 member outages

  14. Energy Storage provides both Real (MW) Power and Reactive (MVAR) Power locally

  15. Voltage Fluctuations are expensive and require Mitigation. Storage provides a good Solution

  16. DG LOAD FOLLOWINGFREQUENCY REGULATIONRENEWABLE SMOOTHINGMICROGRIDS

  17. Flywheels for Grid Frequency Regulation Current method to balance constantly shifting load fluctuation is to vary the frequency and periodically adjust generation in response to an ISO signal. Flywheel storage could respond instantaneously!

  18. Containerized 7 Flywheel System A Beacon Flywheel being assembled CEC / DOE PROJECT: Beacon Power 100 kW Flywheel System for Grid Frequency Regulation Design for a 20MW Facility with 100kW flywheels funded by DOE

  19. Flywheels represent an 80% reduction in CO2 emission over present methods In addition, Flywheels are twice as effective as Fossil Generation 100 MW of storage could eliminate 90% of Frequency Variation in California

  20. Substantial Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Generation such as Wind, Wave or Solar will considerably increase Voltage (Frequency) Fluctuations ...

  21. which in turn requires increased Frequency Regulation and needs extra Fossil Generation or else Energy Storage

  22. The BPA / DOE Wind Project: To Smooth out Fluctuations from a 48 MW Wind Farm on the BPA Grid Measured Wind Voltage July 14-Aug.14, 06

  23. Wind Integration 34.5 kV 69 kV PCC Grid 48MW Wind Farm 3-phase coupling transformer • Condon, OR Wind Farm • Weak grid • Pronounced PQ issues • 10 MVA Statcom • BPA, DOE, TVA, EPRI • Prototype for smoothing major contributions from Wind and Wave Energy Supercaps ETO-Based Converter

  24. ULTRACAPS FOR A 1.25 MW MICRO-GRID: 450 kW Maxwell EC-Capacitors to provide Wind Smoothing and Backup Power for the Palmdale, CA Water Treatment Plant CEC / DOE PROJECT GENERATION: 2 x 225 kW Energy Bridge Ultracaps 950 kW Wind Turbine (Average!) 800 kW + 350kW Backup Diesel 250 kW Natural Gas Backup Generator 244 kW Hydroelectric Generator LOAD: 320 kW Critical Load 930 kW Non-critical Load The Palmdale, CA Treatment Plant

  25. PEAK SHAVINGENERGY MANAGEMENTUPGRADE DEFERRALRENEWABLE DISPATCHABILITY

  26. 100 MISOLoad Duration Curve Peak load 25% higher than 95% load level 80 Load (GW) 95% Load Level 60 40 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Number of Hours Energy Storage will allow increased Asset Utilization for Generation and Transmission thereby reducing the Number of Polluting Peaker Plants

  27. FLOW BATTERIES: • Power and Energy are separated. • Power Depends on the Conversion CellEnergy Depends on the Stored Electrolyte • Vanadium Redox • Zinc-Bromine

  28. CASTLE ROCK, UTAH VRB TANK INSTALLATION Provides Peak Power Without Distrib. Upgrade 500kW / 2MWh Vanadium Redox Battery By VRB Power Systems Expandable to 1MW

  29. SODIUM-SULFUR (NAS) BATTERY 6 MW / 8hrs NGK Sodium-Sulfur Batteries for Load Management and Backup at a Japanese Resort Town Schematic Diagram of NaS Cell

  30. 1MW NaS Battery to Store Off Peak Power NYSERDA / DOE PROJECT: For 1,800HP Natural Gas Compressor in a Long Island NG Refueling Station for 220 Busses Relieves LIPA Peak Load, Eliminates Night Shift at Plant Partnership with NYPA Costshares from NY ISO, TVA, EPRI, Southern, First Energy, ComEd, PSE&G, APPA, LIPA, Hydro Quebec, San Diego G&E Three 600-HP compressors + 1 MW NaS battery

  31. Charleston, WV Appalachian Power Substation • 1.2 MW / 6hr NaS Battery • for Substation Support: • First Commercial Application in US. • Provides Backup during Peak Load • Defers Upgrade by 5 to 6 Years • Reduces Transformer Heat up • Potential Arbitrage Benefits 10K/month AEP / DOE PROJECT Generic Design funded by DOE S&C Power Conditioning System developed with DOE Funding (R&D 100) Commissioned June 26, 2006

  32. Aggressive Renewable Standards: CA – 20% by 2017 NV – 20% by 2015 NY - 25% by 2013 Kyoto Protocol!!!

  33. Such Mandates can only be reached if Renewables are smoothed and made dispatchable by Energy Storage

  34. High Penetration of Renewables will needappreciable Spinning Reserve to accommodate Ramping

  35. Storage can also increase total Throughput of Renewable Energy by improving Asset Utilization on Transmisssion Lines

  36. Diesel / Wind / Battery Hybrid at King Island, Tasmania 1500 kW Diesel 2450 kW Wind 200 kW / 4 hrs VRB Batteries Batteries will: Smooth short term Wind Firm Capacity Load Shift to optimize Diesel Operation Schematic

  37. Experience shows that running Diesel Generators at constant Power Output Saves some 20% in Fuel, Decreases Pollution, and Increases Lifetime of the Generator

  38. Rokkasho Windfarm in Northern Japan Japan Target: 3,000 MW Wind by 2010 Rokkasho: 51 MW Wind 34 MW / 7 hr NaS Storage Night Day Discharge Wind Charge Compens. Power 24 Hour Advance Planning depending on Wind and Load Forecast Expected Completion Date: April 2008

  39. Fossil Fuel Generation produces Greenhouse Gases In addition, Coal-fired Generation has adverse Health Impacts Ontario Medical Association estimated such Health effects at $10 Billion annually for Ontario’s 3,000 MW of Coal

  40. COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE: A DOE/ Iowa Muni Project Inexpensive Off-Peak Power is used to Compress Air for Storage in Aquifers. On-Peak, Compressed Air is used as Input for Gas Turbine Compressor, increasing Efficiency 200 MW Aquifer Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) with 75 MW of Wind and off-peak Power planned by Iowa Associated Municipal Utilities

  41. US: • Congressional Interest: FY07 Energy Bill • has separate Storage Section with substantial Funding • DOE Office of Science Initiative on Basic Storage Research • DOE Solar, Vehicle Program have Storage programs • Programs at CEC, NYSERDA, BPA continue with new solicitations • Interest among Utilities such as AEP, PG&E, SoCalEdison, NRECA • Interest among Investment Community • Global Cimate and Energy Project at Stanford, $3M solicitation • International: • Australia: Storage Initiative with 6 Projects • Canada: National Resource Canada preparing Initiative • Saudi Arabia: New Research Center at Dhahran. • Storage one of 5 initiatives • Basque Rebublic: New renewables Research Center • with Wave Energy and Storage as top priority

  42. Energy Storage can: Provide Power Quality and Digital Reliability, Provide Voltage and Frequency Regulation to smoothe Renewables Allow better Asset Utilization of Generation and Transmission Provide Spinning Reserve and Energy Management to make Renewables Dispatchable

  43. Requirements for Storage Technologies in Utility Applications • Cost, Cost, Cost! • Reliability • Lifetime • Efficiency • Environmental Acceptability • Safety • Compactness

  44. Develop Batteries and Supercapacitors with • Double the Energy Density, Double the Lifetime, • and Improved Safety • Basic Research Needs for Storage – DOE Office of Science Energy = ½ C V2 • Research new Tailored Electrolytes with higher Voltage • Research nano-structured Electrodes with better penetration

  45. Develop Ultra- high speed Flywheels with energy densities 5x Li-Ion Materials with high tensile Strength and high tensile modulus such as Carbon-nanotubes fused in Glass or Silica allow use of speeds up to and beyond 1M RPM !

  46. IGCC - FC Hybrid, Biomass, Solar, Nuclear, Direct Carbon FC Bulk Generation Bulk Generation Transmission Transmission Transmission & Distribution Substation Substation Residential Residential Distribution Substation Gensets Gensets , Solar, FC, LM , Solar, FC, LM Transmission & Distribution Commercial Commercial Distribution Substation Industrial Industrial Gensets Gensets , Solar, Fuel Cells (FC), , Solar, Fuel Cells (FC), Load Management (LM) Load Management (LM) Gensets Gensets , FC, LM , FC, LM Wind Nourai, AEP Distributed Storage, Distributed Generation, and Distributed Intelligence will be essential for the Grid of the Future

  47. IN CONCLUSION: • Energy Storage can be an effective Tool for Utilities as well as Customers • Storage Technology is developing more Options for more potential Applications • The Importance of Storage to the Grid is becoming increasingly Accepted

  48. Energy Storageis a Disruptive Technologywhose Adoption will induce a Paradigm Shiftin the Entire Utility Industry!!!

  49. RESOURCEShttp://www.sandia.gov/ess/EPRI/DOE Energy Storage Handbook ESA Annual Meeting (Anaheim, May, ’08)DOE Prog. Rev. (DC, Sep. ‘08)

More Related