The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

1. The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity Speaker’s Slides and Message Points * Material Current as of June 16, 2005

2. Obesity is Still a Top Public Health Problem in America • Obesity can be deadly • Obesity rates are soaring in America • Obesity is related to many chronic health problems • Obesity increases the risks of problems in pregnancy and childbirth • Overweight has important health consequences in children • The costs associated with obesity are high and growing

3. Obesity Can Be Deadly • Newest estimate from CDC: 112,000 deaths each year • ¾ of deaths occur in people younger than 70 years

4. The Science of Estimating Obesity-Related Deathsis Complex and Evolving • Scientists keep working to describe full health effects of obesity • Role of obesity in death is complex • Obesity is not reported reliably on death certificates • Scientists must use complex modeling techniques to estimate obesity-related deaths

5. Estimates of Obesity-Related Deaths Have Changed Because of Newer Data, Different Methods • Earlier CDC estimates were based on older data • Reflected health risks of 1970s • Led to estimate of 365,000 deaths • New estimates used newer data, different methods • May better reflect current health status of U.S. population • May reflect lower death rates for obesity-related diseases like heart disease • Methods accounted for decrease in obesity-related deaths among older adults

6. Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74): HIGH TOTAL CHOLESTEROL Risk Factors by BMI Group High total cholesterol level (>=240 mg/dL) 2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

7. Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74):HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Risk Factors by BMI Group High blood pressure (systolic >=140 mm Hg or diastolic >=90 mm Hg 2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

8. Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74):SMOKING Risk Factors by BMI Group Smoking 2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

9. Obesity Rates are Soaring in America • Adult obesity has doubled since 1980 • Since 1990 rates have jumped in every state in Nation 1990 2003

10. Obesity Is Related to Many Chronic Health Problems Type 2 diabetes Hypertension Heart disease Stroke Breast cancer Colon cancer • Arthritis • Gallbladder disease • Physical disability • Sleep disturbances • Breathing problems

11. Obesity Increases Risks of Problems in Pregnancy and Childbirth • Infant death • Infant birth defects • Delivery by cesarean section • Slow or difficult labor or delivery • Diabetes and high blood pressure in pregnancy • Infertility • Menstrual problems

12. 16 16 16 14 12 10 Ages 12-19 8 6 5 4 4 Ages 6-11 2 0 1963- 1971-74 1976-80 1988-94 1999- 70** 2002 Percentage of Overweight U.S. Children and Adolescents is Soaring* 18 * >95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts **Data from 1963-65 for children 6-11 years of age and from 1966-70 for adolescents 12-17 years of age Source: National Center for Health Statistics

13. Overweight Has Important Health Consequences in Children • 70% chance of being overweight as adults • Childhood onset of type 2 diabetes • Face future risk of serious complications: kidney disease, blindness, amputations • Children born in 2000 have a high risk of getting diabetes in their lifetimes: • 33% of males • 39% of females • Risk factors for heart disease • 61% of overweight 5-10-year olds have at least one risk factor • 26% have two or more risk factors

14. Costs Associated with Obesity are High and Growing • Direct health costs attributable to obesity estimated to be • $52 billion in 1995 • $75 billion in 2003 • Hospital costs related to childhood overweight have tripled in last 20 years

15. Three Key Factors Are Related to the Onset of Obesity • Poor dietary practices • Decreased physical activity • Increased inactivity

16. Americans’ Food Practices are Shifting Dramatically • Reduced frequency of family meals • Increased fast food consumption • Increased portion size • Increased consumption of soft drinks (from 27 to 50 gallons/year from 1972-1999) • Restrained eating, meal skipping

17. Physical Education in High Schools is on the Decline Participation in daily P.E. classes, 9-12th graders: 1991 42% 2003 28%

18. 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5+ Heavy TV Viewing Among Teens Has Increased Dramatically(NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 12-17 in 1990) TV Hours (Youth Report)

19. (0-1) (1-2) (2-3) (3-4) (4-5) (>5) As TV Time Increases, So Do Rates of Overweight in Teenagers(NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 10-15 in 1990) TV Hours Per Day (Youth Report)

20. Scientists Agree on Steps to Reduce Obesity and Promote Health • Eat a healthy diet (e.g., 2 cups fruit and 2 and 1/2 cups vegetables each day, based on 2,000-calorie diet) • Get regular physical activity (e.g., for adults, at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity 5 days per week, or at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity 3 days a week) • Go for regular visits to the doctor • to monitor risk factors • if you have an obesity-related condition and are trying to lose weight