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G.R.A.P.E.S. G = geography R = religion A = achievements/advancements P = political E = economics S = social structure. G.R.A.P.E.S. G = geography R = religion A = achievements/advancements P = political E = economics S = social structure. Standard & Objective. Standard: 6.13
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G.R.A.P.E.S. • G = geography • R = religion • A = achievements/advancements • P = political • E = economics • S = social structure
G.R.A.P.E.S. • G = geography • R = religion • A = achievements/advancements • P = political • E = economics • S = social structure
Standard & Objective • Standard: 6.13 • Analyze the important achievements of the Mesopotamian civilization. • Objective: • I can determine the influence of Mesopotamian achievements on today’s society.
Essential Question • How did Mesopotamian achievements influence our society today?
The Cradle of Civilization • Mesopotamia, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (in modern day Iraq), is often referred to as the cradle of civilizationbecause it is the first place where complex urban centers grew.
Mesopotamian Achievements • The cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia, was the birthplace of indispensable inventions and discoveries. • The largest invention in history, agriculture, was invented in Mesopotamia.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 11 • The wheel was not only used for the transportation purposes • It was used widely in irrigation, pottery making, and milling. • The invention of the chariot (and other big inventions in history) were based on the invention of the wheel.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 10 • The chariot was the first concept of personal transportation (for the royal families and higher class people). • It had been used for years as a key technology for the warfare, most of the ancient sports, and the means of transportation.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 9 • The first boat was invented and used as the transportation in rivers, downstream and back upstream. • Thus, the sailboat was invented with a primitive design, which ultimately helped them for prosperous trade and commerce. • It was initially used to cross the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for fishing and to explore other sides.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 8 • Humans learned to domesticate animals and use them in their daily life to make their tasks easier. • In Mesopotamia, man first harnessed the ox and developed the first plow (called Ard). • The invention of the plow in Mesopotamia helped the hunter-gatherer groups to stay in the same place and depend on the agriculture for the food.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 7 • Mesopotamians developed the concept of time, dividing time units into 60 parts which eventually lead to 60 seconds, minute, and hour. • The 60 was chosen because it was easily divisible by six counting numbers.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 6 • Astrology was developed during the Sumerian period. It had a religious meaning. • It was believed that every good and bad happened for the reason. • The astrologers observed the movement of the planet and advised the people with high social or political levels. • The constellations were also used in day to day activities. • It was heavily used to mark the seasons for harvesting or sowing crops. • They also mapped the movement of sky, sun, stars, and moon, and predicted celestial events like eclipses.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 5 • The map began as a simple sketch on a clay tablet. • It usually covered a small area and was mostly used for a city, a military campaign, a hunting ground, and a trade route.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 4 • (Mathematics) When the civilization started to flourish, people began to trade, they need an accurate system to count the goods that they received. • Sumerians were the first people on the earth that developed the concept of counting. • The concept of zero was developed by Babylonian. • People had understood the value of having nothing, but the concept of zero wasn’t invented before it.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 3 • Mesopotamian developed the concept of an urbanization. • For the first time in a history, human started to settle in a specific place. • The invention of agriculture made it possible to feed more life, living in the same place. • People learned to trade, and the concept of taxes emerged.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 2 • The Sumerians developed the first form of writing called “Cuneiform” to maintain business records. • It was mostly used in the trade where the merchant can record the trade like the number of grains traded. • Mesopotamians used writing to record daily events, trade, and astronomy.
Mesopotamian Achievement # 1 • The Tigris and the Euphrates rivers that surround(ed) Mesopotamia made the irrigation and farming a lot easier and convenient. • Mesopotamians learned to control the flow of water from the river and used it for irrigating crops. • During the main growing season, the flow of water was properly regulated. • Each farmer was allowed a certain amount of water which was adjusted from the canal into an irrigation ditch.
Final Conclusion • Although most of the inventions and discoveries made by the Ancient Mesopotamians became more advanced in later civilization, their inventions were crucial to the development and success of later civilizations.
