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Learn about the Pilgrims and Puritans who settled in the New England Colonies in the 17th century. Discover their beliefs, challenges, and contributions to American history.
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The New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire
Who Were the Pilgrims? • Also known as “Separatist” because they wanted to separate from the Church of England. They thought it was still too much like the Catholic Church.
The Pilgrim’s Beliefs • Calvinists(Teachings of Protestant Reformer, John Calvin. (Many Protestant groups adopted his teachings, especially Presbyterians, Episcopal, and some groups of Baptist) • Predestination • Original Sin • Only 2 Sacraments: Lord’s Supper, Baptism (including infant Baptism) • No images in the church • Scripture as only authority in faith. No Common Book of Prayer as used in the Church of England (Anglican, Episcopal) John Calvin, Protestant Reformer
Early History • King James Attacked the group causing them to move to Holland for religious freedom. • Eventually, the Pilgrims became dissatisfied living in Holland • Pilgrim leaders approached the Virginia Company if they would help them settle in America. Netherlands “Holland” King James of Great Britain 1604
The Voyage Across the Atlantic • 102 Passengers with 30 Crewmen • 3 Pregnant Women • A son named, Oceanus, to Stephen and Elizabeth Hopkins • At midway across the Atlantic, a main beam on the Mayflower buckled, but was given support with a large screw. • In another storm, John Holland was washed overboard, but was saved. • William Button, a young boy in the custody of Dr. Samuel Fuller died. He was the only passenger to die at sea.
Mayflower Compact • An agreement signed aboard the Mayflower • They vowed to obey the laws agreed upon for the good of the colony. • This agreement helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule.
Girls Aboard the Mayflower • Many of the daughters were left in England because they believed the trip would be to harsh. • William Brewester left his 2 girls: Fear and Patience, but brought his two sons Love and Wrestling. • The youngest child was Humility Cooper, the one year old daughter of Edward and Ann Cooper. • Ellen and Mary Moore ages 8 and 4 had been sent on the Mayflower in the custody of other Pilgrims by their father who had found out that they were not his own children. • The Hopkins brought their 14 year old daughter, Constance. • The oldest girl was Pricilla Mullins, age 17. • First Winter: 75% of the women died, 50% Men died, 36% of the boys died and 19% of the girls died.
Squanto and Samoset • Native Americans who had learned English fishermen • Squanto helped negotiate a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and Chief Massasoit. He also showed them how to plant, fish, and hunt.
The First Thanksgiving • Held in the Fall of 1621 to give thanks for the survival of the Plymouth Colony. • No actual account of what was eaten at the three day feast. • Abraham Lincoln established our present Thanksgiving on the last Thursday November. FDR changed it to the 4th Thursday.
The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay (1630-1640) • Unlike the Separatists • ( Pilgrims) the Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practices and traditions. • The Puritan colony was supported by the Massachusetts Bay Company. • During the “Great Migration” 20,000 settled on the coast of present Massachusetts
Puritan Beliefs • Wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic traditions and practices. Like Pilgrims they were strong Calvinists • Original Sin (Born with Sin) • Predestination (Certain people were Elect, those whom God chose to save, and some were not elected to be saved) • Preservation of the Saints • ( All true Christians could never loose their salvation) • No celebration of Christmas • Observing Sabbath (Sunday) as Holy Day • Education emphasized so that you may read and understand Bible. Jonathan Edwards Puritan Minister
The Puritan’s Leader and Governor “For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people will be upon us.” John Winthrop Model of Christian Charity John Winthrop Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
New Puritan Communities: • Reverend Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the Connecticut River. There they wrote the Fundamental Order of Connecticut, America’s first written constitution.
Boston, Massachusetts is founded as the first Puritan Community.
Harvard College • The Puritans begin America’s first college in 1636 at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Challenges to Puritan Leaders:Anne Hutchinson Hutchinson believed that a person could worship God without the help of the church, minister, or Bible. She was forced to leave Massachusetts.
Challenges to Puritan Leaders:Roger Williams • A minister in Salem, Massachusetts who opposed force church attendance and the colonists taking Native American land by force. He believed in the ”Separation of Church and State” In 1636 he was forced from the colony; he fled southward and founded the colony of Rhode Island.
Roger Williams and the Colony of Rhode Island • Allowed religious freedom to all groups, including Jews • Roger Williams founded the first Baptist Church in America at Providence, Rhode Island in 1636. First Baptist Church Providence, Rhode Island Oldest Baptist Church in America
Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island for Freedom of All Religions
New Hampshire • The first European settlement in New Hampshire was a village near Portsmouth in 1623. In 1638, John Wheelright established the town of Exeter. The town drew up the Exeter Compact, which was based on the Mayflower Compact Mount Washington, Elevation 6628 Feet
Salem Witchcraft Trials • At Salem Village Massachusetts in 1692, a West Indian slave named Tituba accused other girls of witchcraft. • The others were forced to name others as witches. • More than 100 people were accused. • 19 were hanged and one pressed to death
