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Part II S igma Freud & Descriptive Statistics

Part II S igma Freud & Descriptive Statistics. Chapter 4     A Picture is Really Worth a Thousand Words. What you will learn in Chapter 4. Why pictures are worth “a thousand words” How to create: Histogram Polygon Using Excel to create & modify charts

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Part II S igma Freud & Descriptive Statistics

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  1. Part IISigma Freud & Descriptive Statistics Chapter 4     A Picture is Really Worth a Thousand Words

  2. What you will learn in Chapter 4 • Why pictures are worth “a thousand words” • How to create: • Histogram • Polygon • Using Excel to create & modify charts • Different types of charts and their uses

  3. Why Illustrate Data? • When describing a set of scores you will want to use two things… • One score for describing the group of data • Measure of Central Tendency • Measure of how diverse or different the scores are from one another • Measure of Variability • However, a visual representation of these two measures is much more effective when examining distributions.

  4. Ten Ways to a Great Figure • Minimize the “junk” • Plan before you start creating • Say what you mean…mean what you say • Label everything • Communicate ONE idea • Keep things balanced • Maintain the scale in the graph • Remember…simple is best • Limit the number of words • The chart alone should convey what you want to say

  5. Frequency Distributions • Method of tallying, and representing the number of times a certain score occurs • Group scores into interval classes/ranges • Creating class intervals • Range of 2, 5, 10, or 20 data points • 10 -20 data points cover entire range of data • List class interval with a multiple of the interval • Largest interval goes at the top

  6. Histograms • Class Intervals Along the x-Axis

  7. Histograms • Hand Drawn Histogram

  8. Histogram • Tally-Ho Method

  9. Frequency Polygon • “continuous line that represents the frequencies of scores within a class interval”

  10. Cumulative Frequency Distribution

  11. Fat & Skinny of Frequency Distributions • Distributions can be different in four different ways… • Average value • Variability • Skewness • Kurtosis

  12. Average Value

  13. Variability

  14. Skewness • Positive & Negative Skewness

  15. Kurtosis • Platykurtic & Leptokurtic

  16. Cool Ways to Chart Data • Column Chart

  17. Cool Ways to Chart Data • Line Chart

  18. Cool Ways to Chart Data • Pie Chart

  19. Using the Computer to Illustrate Data • Creating Histogram Graphs

  20. Using the Computer to Illustrate Data • Creating Bar Graphs

  21. Using the Computer to Illustrate Data • Creating Line Graphs

  22. Using the Computer to Illustrate Data • Creating Pie Graphs

  23. Using the Computer to Illustrate Data • Creating Line Graphs

  24. Glossary Terms to Know • Frequency distribution • Class interval • Histogram • Frequency Polygon • Cumulative Frequency Distribution • Ogive • Skewness • Kurtosis • Platykurtic • Leptokurtic

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