Warm-up:

1. Warm-up: Make a list of how you resemble your parents, brothers, and sisters.

2. Now… • Consider how the culture influences you. • Do your parents dislike the music you listen to? • Do you like a certain style of dress because it’s the trend? • You are all the products of both hereditary and culture.

3. Culture

4. The Basis of Culture Culture defines how people in a society behave in relation to others and to physical objects. Although most behavior among animals is instinctual, human behavior is learned. Even reflexes and drives do not completely determine how humans will behave, because people are heavily influenced by culture.

5. Culture and Society • The cultureyou live in refers to the knowledge, language, values, customs and physical objects that are passed from generation to generation among members of a group. • Material aspects of our culture include skyscrapers, computers, cell phones and cars.

6. Culture and Society • Nonmaterial aspects include beliefs, rules, customs, family systems and a capitalist economy. • Culture andsociety are interwoven. • Asociety is a group of people who live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture.

7. Culture and Society • Asociety is a group of people who live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture. • Culture is that society’s total way of life.

8. Culture and Heredity • Instincts are genetically inherited patterns of behavior. Humans, unlike animals, cannot rely on instinct alone for survival, so we rely on our culture. • Examples of human instincts? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxbPwWEQFjs • However, culture is not the only influence on our behavior.

9. Culture and Heredity • Other factors include: • Heredity—genetically inherited traits • Reflexes—simple, biologically inherited automatic reactions to physical stimuli. • What is the difference between an instinct and a reflex? • Drives—impulses • These expressions of such biological factors can vary depending on the culture. • How do different cultures have different drives/reflexes?

10. Sociobiology • Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis of human behavior. • Darwin’s theory of natural selection + modern genetics = Sociobiology • Sociologists believe that behaviors that best help people and animals are biologically based and transmitted in the genetic code.

11. Sociobiology • Some criticisms of sociobiology: • Certain races could be labeled as inferior or superior. • What races are seen as superior? Inferior? • There is too much variation in societies for human behavior to be based on biology alone.

12. Middle ground: • Some sociologists believe that genes work with culture in a complex way to shape and limit human nature and social life. • How do genes and culture work together to shape human nature/social life?

13. What environments would favor… • 1. a darker skin • 2. blonde hair color • 3. a stocky body size • 1. hot, dry climate favors the development of dark skin • 2. Scandinavia; a climate with less sun • 3. climate where conserving heat and building up layers of fat provides edge for survival

14. So… • Who we are physically is partially the result of nature’s need to prepare us for the elements

15. Through the Wormhole: Is There a Superior Race? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdti5Rr8rhs

16. Video Questions-Elaborate 1.) Do you believe races are different on the inside as well as the outside? How so? Please explain. 2.) Could advances in technology create a superior race? How so? Please explain. 3.) Some breeds of dogs are more intelligent than other breeds of dogs, and some scientists believe that some races of people are more intelligent than other races of people. Do you think the two are comparable? How so? 4.) Superior is defined as higher in rank or status, better in quality or ability, and greater in amount or power. By this definition, are there “superior” races? If so, which races? What makes them superior? 5.) Do you think the concept of “superior” and “inferior” races will cause problems in future society? What kind of problems? 6.) In what ways do I.Q. scores have an effect on our perceptions of certain races? Do any races have a higher or lower I.Q. score?

17. The Mysterious Fall of Nacirema • What culture is the article really about? • In what ways are we self-destructing our own culture? • What are some of our strange customs?

18. Language and Culture Section 2

19. Knowing Your Culture: Proverbs • What are proverbs?? • Brief but pithy sayings that express commonly held ideas and beliefs

20. The pen is mightier than ______ the sword.

21. Better safe than ______ sorry.

22. Its always darkest before ______ the dawn.

23. Don’t bite the hand that ______ feeds you.

24. No news is ______ good news.

25. If you lie down with dogs, you’ll ______ get fleas.

26. A penny saved is a ______ penny earned.

27. Children should be seen and ______ not heard.

28. Better late than ______ never.

29. The importance of language

30. Symbolic Meaning • Describe these two objects in terms of their functions. • What are their social meanings? • Why does the ring have so much more meaning than the stapler does?

31. Symbolic Meaning • Now, rename both of the objects. • What problems would be encountered by changing the name of an object? • Cultures give names and meanings to objects, which by themselves mean nothing.

32. Symbols, Language, and Culture • Cultural transmission defines the transmission and creation of culture—or the idea that each generation must be taught about their culture. • Symbols are things that stand for or represent something else. The most important symbols are those that create language.

33. How are language and culture related? • Language and culture are related because language frees humans from the limits of time and space. • Language allows us to create culture. • Ex: The Wright Brothers

34. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis • The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis or the hypothesis of linguistic relativity—Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf believe that our perceptions of the world depend in part on the particular language we have learned. • For example, when something is important to a society, its language will have many words to describe it. • We can learn other languages, or learn more about our own, to expand our view of the world.

35. A Show of Hands Native American languages that are spoken in the Arctic Circle most likely include many words describing which of the following? 1. Money 2.Snow 3. Oil 4.Trees

36. Is all communication verbal? • What are some examples of nonverbal communication? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cg192cQYUA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swpFzlaSAdI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kc2yRqat7q8

37. Demonstration • To reinforce how we rely on language… • Form a line in the front of the room according to your birthdays (month and date). • Your task: arrange yourselves in order, but without talking • I’ll give you a few minutes at your desk to think about how you will go about this.

38. Warm-up: Why do some cultures clash?

39. Making Connections to Other Cultures

40. God Grew Tired of Us • In 1987, Sudan's Muslim government declared death to all males who were Christian living in the south. • 27,000 boys fled to Ethiopia on foot. • In 1991, they were forced to flee to Kenya • 12,000 survived to live in a U.N. camp in Kakuma • Four boys from Sudan embark on a journey to America after years of wandering Sub-Saharan Africa in search of safety

41. Warm-up: What has impacted you most about God Grew Tired of Us thus far?

42. No warm-up today… Just prepare for your 2-5 min. presentation! (if you need to load onto my computer, go ahead and do so)

43. Cultural Clash Articles • Cultural Clash Fuels Muslims Angry at Online Video: • What 2 cultures are clashing? • What caused them to clash? • Why is it that Ismail Mohamed said “The West has to understand the ideology of the people”? • A Situation Emerges in Florence, as TV Brings an Altered Reality: • What 2 cultures are clashing? • What caused them to clash? • Why is it that Mr. da Empoli said he was “not especially honored by their being here”? -In regards to these 2 articles, how are the opposing cultures alike? Different? -What ideologies do the cultures in the articles have of one another? -Do you think they will ever get over their differences?

44. Warm-up What are some things that are considered “normal” in our society?

45. A Show of Hands In your opinion, which of the following values most closely identifies with American culture? 1. Belief in God 2.Achievement and success 3. Democracy 4. Equality

46. Norms: The Rules We Live By • Normsare rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Norms are so engrained in humans that they guide behavior without awareness. • Norms also help to define a culture’s perception of beauty for both males and females. • What are some norms that shape the American ideal of beauty? • Who do you think set the standards for what Americans think is “beautiful”?

48. Cultural Artifacts • What might happen when one culture comes into contact with an artifact of a different culture? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCQIGiXf0JA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlBL9ckkB4E

49. Folkways, Mores, and Laws • There are three types of norms: • Folkways—rules that cover customary ways of thinking, feeling and behaving but lack moral overtones. • Ex: sleeping on a bed instead of on a floor • Folkways are not considered vital to a group’s existence, so disapproval of those who break folkways is not very great • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk-RTnuJyPQ

50. Folkway Activity • Folkways are so ingrained into everyday behavior, that they might be hard to distinguish as folkways. • They may just seem to be “just the way we do things” • Ex: men used to always take off their hats when they entered a home or building, but not so much today • Work in pairs to identify common folkways • Do you agree that the behavior described was, in fact, a folkway?