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The Slavery Issue in the West

The Slavery Issue in the West. Chapter 16.1. Missouri Compromise 1820. First major compromise over slavery Proposed by Henry Clay Applies to Louisiana Territory Keep balance between free and slave states Maine enters as a free state Missouri enters as a slave state.

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The Slavery Issue in the West

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  1. The Slavery Issue in the West Chapter 16.1

  2. Missouri Compromise 1820 • First major compromise over slavery • Proposed by Henry Clay • Applies to Louisiana Territory • Keep balance between free and slave states • Maine enters as a free state • Missouri enters as a slave state

  3. Missouri Compromise 1820 • New states north of 36 30’ will be free • 36  30 line is southern border of Missouri • From 1820 to 1850 slave and free states enter Union in pairs

  4. Map

  5. Wilmot Proviso • David Wilmot an anti-slavery Democrat from Pennsylvania • Proposed all land acquired from Mexico will closed to slavery • Never becomes law – hated in the South David Wilmot: Pennsylvania Democrat

  6. Abolitionists • Slavery is morally wrong • Should be banned everywhere • Should be – well abolished • Many Abolitionists newspapers – most famous was “The Liberator” by William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison

  7. Moderates • Hoped that issue could be avoided • Use Missouri Compromise line • Extend line to the Pacific for Mexican cession • Popular Sovereignty – let locals decide

  8. Slaveholders • Slaveholders and their allies • All escaped slavers should be returned • Allow slavery in the territories • Most radical were called “fire-eaters” William Yancey of Alabama

  9. Election of 1848 • Zachary Taylor – Whig candidate & war hero • Democrats – Lewis Cass of Michigan • Free Soil Party – Martin Van Buren • Many Free Soilers were abolitionists • Free Soilers win seats in Congress Zachary Taylor – 12th President

  10. California Problem • 1849 – 15 slave & 15 free • California has to come in – will be free • Other states poised to come in – Oregon, Utah, New Mexico • Upset Missouri Compromise balance

  11. Compromise of 1850 • Clay, Webster, & Calhoun – one more time • All old & in poor health • Calhoun pushed secession over fugitive slaves • Clay fashions a compromise • Stephen Douglas actually guides it through Congress • Five Parts

  12. Compromise of 1850 1.California comes in as free state 2.Mexican Cession divided into Utah & New Mexico – popular sovereignty 3.Slave trade in D.C. ends – but between states its okay 4.New tougher Fugitive Slave Law 5.Settles border dispute between New Mexico & Texas

  13. Map 1850

  14. The Fugitive Slave law • Everyone hates Compromise of 1850 • Northerners can be fined $1,000 or jailed • Special Courts for runaways – judge – not jury decides • $10 if judge says slave - $5 if free

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