Hazardous Waste Storage, Transportation, and Disposal

1. Hazardous Waste Storage, Transportation, and Disposal

2. HW Transporters • A hazardous waste transporter under Subtitle C is any person engaged in the off-site transportation of hazardous waste within the United States, if such transportation requires a manifest. • Regulated by EPA and DOT

3. Transporter Requirements • Obtain an EPA ID number • Comply with the manifest system • Properly handle hazardous waste discharges

4. Storage Facility • Holding hazardous waste for a temporary period, after which the hazardous waste is treated, disposed of, or stored elsewhere

5. Treatment Facility • Any method, technique, or process designed to physically, chemically, or biologically change the nature of a hazardous waste

6. Disposal Facility • The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid or hazardous waste on or in the land or water. A disposal facility is any site where hazardous waste is intentionally placed and where the waste will remain after a TSDF stops operation.

7. Regulatory Requirements of TSD Facilities • Meet general facility standards • Preparedness and prevention requirements • Contingency plans and emergency procedure provisions • Manifest, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements. • Closure and postclosure (financial assurance) • Groundwater monitoring

8. Land Disposal Requirements • Prohibits the land disposal of hazardous waste that has not been adequately treated to reduce the threat posed to human health and the environment • Prohibits dilution of hazardous waste to circumvent proper treatment • Prohibits indefinite storage of untreated hazardous waste other than the accumulation of quantities necessary for effective treatment or disposal

9. Treatment • Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) • Treatment standards, or • Technology

10. Universal Treatment Standards • A universal treatment standard is a single concentration limit established for a specific constituent regardless of the waste matrix in which it is present, • i.e., the same treatment standard applies to a particular constituent in each waste code in which it is regulated • Two different sets of universal treatment standards • for nonwastewater forms of waste • FOR wastewater forms of waste.

12. Example: BDAT for Wood Preserving Wastes • Universal treatment standards for the regulation of listed hazardous wastes identified as F032, F034, and F035.UTS • Treatment standard alternative of combustion for the regulation of Dioxin and Furan (D/F) constituents in F032 • Based on slag vitrification and stabilization/solidification treatment performance data for nonwastewaters • Based on (1) pretreatment steps such as oil separation, pH adjustment, chemical precipitation/clarification, and equalization (2) biological treatment processes with acclimation of microorganisms to the concentrations of pentachlorophenol, PCDD, PCDF, and metals; or (3) the addition of a carbon adsorption polishing

13. Subtitle C Regulated Treatment/Disposal Facilities • Containers/Containment Buildings • Drip Pads • Land Treatment Units • Landfills • Surface Impoundments • Tanks • Waste Piles • Miscellaneous Units (salt domes formations, underground mines, and underground caves) • Combustion