Imaginable

1. art Imaginable design study Extending science empirical research

2. Design related study orempirical research • Research produces probabilities by causes • Design produces possibilities by conditions

3. Creativity according toHerman Hertzberger • A simple recipe for creativity written by architect • Herman Hertzberger (1999, 2000, 2002): • break off the cliché, • collect many images, • locate them in another context and • start to adapt them.

4. Break off the cliché Robert Delaunay (1913)

5. Change context (for example museum) Marcel Duchamps (1917)

6. Combine, leave out, adapt Pablo Picasso (1942)

7. Adapt reference images

8. Model them in a composition • dividing (verdelen) • articulating (geleden) • tailoring (tailleren) • detailing (detailleren)

9. Dividing, Articulating

10. Tailoring, Detailing adapting to context components and connecting details

11. Composition • marking out components, their variation and characteristic details, • connecting details between components, • crucial details in the composition, • determining striking details.

12. 10m

13. 30m

14. 100m

15. Varying components

16. Composition

17. Larger scale as context(museum, movement) Marcel Duchamps

18. Limits of scope (object and context):Scale paradox

19. Unravelling scale

20. Make probable by causes Make possible by conditions Not every condition is a cause, but every cause is a condition for something to happen

21. Unravelling condition and cause

22. Domains of future

23. Domainsin design science

24. Ways to study

25. Ways to study and researchurban, architectural and technical design Prof.dr.ir. A.C.J.M. Eekhout Prof.dr.ir. T. M. de Jong Dr. D.J.M. van der Voordt

26. 48 Authors from 1 faculty There are more methods of design, study and research then there are designers and scientists.

27. Ways to Study and Researchurban, architectural and technical design • CONTENTS • Introduction • Naming and describing • Design research andtypology • Evaluating • Modelling • Programming and optimising • Technical Study • Design Study • Study by design • Epilogue Empirical research Studybydesign

28. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue Introduction Preface (Fokkema) • Introduction (Jong; Voordt) • Languages (Dijkhuis) • Criteria for scientific research, study and design (Jong, Voordt) ‘Science equals any collection of statements that features a reliable relationship to reality, a valid mutual relationship and a critical potential with regard to other statements in the same domain.’

29. Domains according to Van der Voordt

30. Domains according De Jong

31. Ways to Study and Researchurban, architectural and technical design • CONTENTS • Introduction • Naming and describing • Design research andtypology • Evaluating • Modelling • Programming and optimising • Technical Study • Design Study • Study by design • Epilogue Empirical research Studybydesign

32. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue A. Naming anddescribing • Naming components and concepts (Jong; Rosemann) • Retrieval and reference (Jong; Voordt) • Descriptive research (Lans; Voordt) • Historical research (Macel) • Map study (Moens) • Casuistry resulting in laws (Hobma; Schutte)

33. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue B. Design researchand typology • Design research (Jong; Duin) • Designerly enquiry (Breen) • Typological Research (Jong; Engel) • Concept and Type (Leupen) • Analysis of buildings (Molema) • Plan analysis (Meyer) • Design driven research (Breen)

34. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue C.Evaluating • Ex post evaluation of buildings (Voordt; Wegen) • Ex ante research (Hulsbergen; Schaaf) • Ex ante performance evaluation of housing (Thomsen) • Evaluating prototypes • Comparing and evaluating drawings (De Jong)

35. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue D. Modelling • Modelling reality (Klaasen) • Verbal Models (Jong) • Mathematical Models (Jong; Graaf) • Visualisation and architecture (Koutamanis) • The empirical cycle (Priemus) • Forecasting and Problem Spotting (Jong; Priemus)

36. Example: Mathematical models • De Jong en De Graaf • Origins • The mathematical model is no reality • Mathematics is a language • Numbering • Counting • Values and variables • Combinatorics • Taming the combinatorial explosion • Program of a site • The resolution of a medium • The tolerance of production • Nominal size systems • Geometry • Graphs • Probability • Linear Programming (LP) • Matrix calculation • The Simplex method • Functions • Fractals • Differentiation • Integration • Differential equations • Systems modelling

37. A mathematical model

38. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue E. Programming and optimising • Urban Programming Research (Guyt; Hulsbergen) • Programming of buildings (Voordt; Wegen) • Programming Building Construction (Eekhout; Cuperus) • Designing a city hall (Weeber; Eldijk; Kan) • Design by optimisation (Loon) • Optimisation of performance requirements (Houben) • The environmental maximisation method (Duijvestein)

39. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue F.Technical study • Re-design and renovation (Verhoef) • Study of Building Services and Installations (Schalkoort) • Methodical design of load-bearing constructions (Kamerling) • Classification and combination (Cuperus) • Methodology and component development (Eekhout) • Industrial design methods (Jager) • Future ICT developments (Sariyildiz; Stouffs; Ciftcioglu; Tuncer)

40. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue G. Design study • Creating space of thought (Hertzberger) • Perceiving and conceiving (Hertzberger) • Formation of the image (Jong; Rosemann) • Experience, intuition and conception (Geuze; Eldijk; Kan) • Designing an office (Brouwer; Eldijk; Kan) • Designing a village (Heeling; Eldijk; Kan) • Urban design methods (Westrik) • Studying Design (Jong) There are more design methods than designers.

41. CONTENTS Introduction A. Naming and describing B.Design research and typology C. Evaluating D. Modelling E. Programming and optimising F.Technical study G.Design Study H.Study by design Epilogue H. Study by design • Types of study by design (Voordt, Jong) • Designing Naturalis in a changing context (Verheijen; Eldijk; Kan) • Designing a building for art and culture (Röling; Eldijk; Kan) • Contemplations for Copenhagen (Bergh) • Learning from The Bridge project (Breen) • Creating non-orthogonal architecture (Vollers) • Design in Strategy (Frieling)

42. Ways to Study and Researchurban, architectural and technical design • CONTENTS • Introduction • Naming and describing • Design research andtypology • Evaluating • Modelling • Programming and optimising • Technical Study • Design Study • Study by design • Epilogue Empirical research Studybydesign

43. Operational study proposals • y(x) • landscape( villa) • villa( landscape) • villa( landscape( water system)) • urbanity( liveliness, choice) • ( liveliness, choice)( density, variety)

44. Nestedkey words villa(landscape(water-system, history)) villa(landscape(water-system(history))) villa(landscape((water-system, occupation)(history, spatial dispersion))) )( means a matrix: useful as a list of contents of your report: 1 water-system(history) 2 water-system(spatial dispersion) 3 occupation(history) 4 occupation(spatial dispersion)

45. Syntactic key words object y as a working (function, action, output, result, property) of subject x (independent variabele actor, input, condition, cause) y(x) object(subject) Suffering object(subject) impact(condition, cause) aim(means) The verb is replaced by brackets () Form follows function. ~ form(function) landscape(villa) villa(landscape) See also index of Ways to Study

46. Operations (functions) y= f(x) • intuitive: f(x):= associated with x • conditional: f(x):= possible by x • set-theoretical: f(x):= part of x, encloses x, without x ... • logical: f(x):= if x, not x ... • mathematical: f(x):= x+x , x2... • causal f(x):= caused by x • temporal: f(x):= preceded, followed by x • spatial(formal): f(x):= near to, contiguous to, surrounded by x ... • structural: f(x):= connected with x, seperated from x ... • combinations: a box of boards connected by nails:box(boards, nails)

47. Valid, Reliable