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World War II

World War II. Focus:. Why will some people turn to dictators instead of democracy?. Failure of Treaty of Versailles. Germans upset about losing land Soviets upset about losing land Some democracies did emerge, but with problems. many expected to pay huge debts widespread hunger

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Focus: • Why will some people turn to dictators instead of democracy?

  3. Failure of Treaty of Versailles • Germans upset about losing land • Soviets upset about losing land • Some democracies did emerge, but with problems

  4. many expected to pay huge debts • widespread hunger • homelessness • unemployment

  5. Many democracies collapsed and dictators took control • Joseph Stalin • Benito Mussolini • Adolf Hitler

  6. Stalin - Soviet Union • Lenin dies in 1924 - Stalin takes over • focuses on creating a model communist state • eliminate private enterprise, private farming (people work for government)

  7. By 1939 Soviet Union is 3rd largest industrial power (U.S. and Germany are 1st and 2nd) • Anyone who spoke out against government was executed • responsible for 8-13 million deaths

  8. Totalitarian - maintains total control over citizens (no rights) • Benito Mussolini - Italy • Fascism - political movement of a strong, centralized government headed by a powerful dictator. • Not communists

  9. Mussolini was allowed to form a new government by the King • Called himself “Il Duce” or “The Chief” • Crushed opposition and totalitarian state

  10. Adolf Hitler -Germany • Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • outlined beliefs of Nazism • Dreamed of uniting all German speaking people under one empire

  11. Aryan Race - blue eyes/blond hair • Jewish people were inferior • Hitler wanted to expand

  12. 1933 - Hitler was voted into power. • Established the Third Reich (Third German Empire)

  13. Militarists in Japan • Military leaders invade Manchuria • Militarists take control of Japan’s government • League of Nations gave Japan a “slap on the wrist”. Japan quit League

  14. Hitler establishes a pact with Italy • He sends troops to the Rhineland (a German region near France that was demilitarized) • Italy planned to invade Ethiopia • League of Nations did nothing

  15. Poland (Sept.1,1939) • Germany launches the “Blitzkrieg” - lightning war • take the enemy by surprise • Britain/France declare war on Germany on Sept. 3rd

  16. Discussion Questions 1. What were some of Hitler’s goals? 2. Why did the treaty of Versailles fail?

  17. Focus • What is isolationism and when did the US turn to it?

  18. World War II begins • No more Poland • Stalin begins taking lands lost during WWI as well as Finland • April 9, 1940

  19. Germany begins attacking Denmark, Norway, Neth.,Belgium and Luxembourg • France builds the “Maginot Line” -fortifications on German border

  20. June 1940 • Germany and Italy gang up to take France. French General Charles de Gualle fled to England.

  21. Battle of Britain • Germany launched an air war with the Luftwaffe -German airforce. Two months solid of air raids on London. • British Royal Air Force - used radar to detect Germans

  22. Germany eventually called off the raids

  23. Germany Goes to Czechoslovakia • 1939 - continued to expand by taking Czech. • U.S.S.R./Germany sign Non-Aggression Pact • agree not to fight each other • agreed to divide Poland up

  24. The Holocaust • the systematic murder of 11 million people. More than half were Jews • Hitler wanted racial purity • Anti-Semitism-hatred of Jews. Hitler used them as his scapegoat.

  25. Jews wore the Star of David as identification • Kristallnacht - “crystal night” - night of broken glass. • Raids against Jewish homes, stores etc. 20,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps

  26. Jewish Refugees • fled to other countries • Albert Einstein etc. went to U.S. • U.S. had limitations because of the depression

  27. Genocide - deliberate and systematic killing of an entire people • Germany began to implement this plan using concentration camps. • Jews, Poles, Disabled, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Soviets, Homosexuals

  28. Concentration Camps • People were held there to work. • Thousand killed daily. • Shot, gassed, starved • Auschwitz was the largest. (Poland)

  29. Crematoriums - ovens to burn the dead • Medical experiments were performed

  30. U.S. - Anti-War • Neutrality Acts - Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war • Appeasement -giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.

  31. U.S. • Cash and Carry - nations can buy arms from the U.S. as long as they paid cash and carried them home.

  32. U.S. begins sending weapons and destroyers • Boosted defense spending • Draft - 16 million men between 21 and 35 registered

  33. FDR breaks tradition by running for a 3rd term. • He wins.

  34. Discussion Questions 1.What areas did Hitler take over? 2.Why were many Jewish refugees not allowed into the US?

  35. Focus Why wasn’t the United States attacked during WWI?

  36. 1941 • Lend-Lease Plan - to any country whose defense is vital to U.S. • Germany attacks Soviet Union • U.S. aids Soviet Union • Many didn’t want to aid Stalin

  37. Atlantic Charter - FDR and Great Britain outlined the guidelines for war. • no expansion allowed • protect rights of people • free trade • international cooperation • build peace • disarmament and security

  38. Allies - nations joined to fight Axis powers • Germans began attacking merchant ships • no war from U.S.

  39. U.S. imposed trade restrictions on Japan because of their violent expansion efforts in the Pacific • Japan couldn’t continue without oil and fuel from U.S. • they tried to negotiate, not successful

  40. Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7, 1941 - Japan attacks Hawaiian navel base for an hour and a half. • 18 ships damaged • 350 planes destroyed or damaged.

  41. 2,400 people dead • 1,178 people injured • U.S. declares war on Japan • Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

  42. U.S. and Britain • Decide Germany is top priority • Soviet Union needs help • Once Hitler is defeated then go to Japan • Accept only the unconditional surrender of Axis powers

  43. Battle in the Atlantic • U-boats attack U.S. ships • U.S. responds with rapid ship building • U.S. comes back to defeat Germans in Atlantic

  44. War in Pacific • Japan worked hard to take control of much of the East • U.S. goes to Philippines with 80,000 men and MacArthur fighting against 200,000 Japanese. U.S. had to retreat.

  45. U.S. attacks Japan in a Pearl Harbor style air raid • Battle of Midway Island • U.S. met Japanese there with Admiral Chester Nimitz. • U.S. defeats Japanese

  46. Island Hopping • U.S. began hopping to weak islands to gain control eventually began defeating Japan. • Iwo Jima • 200 Japanese survived of 20,700

  47. Homefront • More soldiers needed - more volunteer and more are drafted • Soldiers are known as G.I.s - government issue • describes clothes, weapons, supplies and now soldiers

  48. Women were now joining the military • 250,000 women served in WWII • Many minority groups were represented as well

  49. Native Americans - 25,000 • Japanese Am - 33,000 • Chinese Am - 13,000 • African Americans - 1,000,000+ • Latinos - 500,000+

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