Year End Review!

1. Year End Review! By:Sierra,Krystal and Silkenn

2. History Review! European Expansion

3. Vocabulary Words! • Basque: From the Basque country, a region straddling the border between Spain and France. • Indigenous people: Native people, or the people who first inhabit a region. • Duties: Government taxes on import and export • Middleman: Trader who buys from producers and sells to consumers. • Monarch: King or Queen. • Pagan: A person who practices a religion other than Christianity. • Latitude: Distance from the equator. • Empire: Group of colonies ruled by a single authority. • Colony: Territory ruled by another country. • Barter: Trade without the use of money.

4. Top 15 Facts • The European economy in the Renaissance was prosperous. • Europe produced common food items such as meat, fish, cereal, vegetables and wine. • It also produced wool and flax for clothing and metals for utensils and weapons. • Europeans imported gold, silver, precious, stones, silk and spices • Luxurious goods were brought to Europe from Africa and Asia by Arab and Italian traders • In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europe was made up of numerous independent countries. • Some of the independent countries in Europe were at war with their closest neighbors

5. Top 15 Facts(continued) • In the 10th century, Vikings from Scandinavia built small settlements on the coast of Newfoundland. • Basque fisherman occasionally landed on North America shores • 15th century Europeans were unaware of the existence of the vast American continent. • Inhabitants of the American countries continent were fishers, hunters, gatherers or farmers. • American inhabitants traded with on another like other nations formed political and military alliances. • Spices were highly prized by Europeans. • Peppers, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg brought a touch of exotic to the tables of rich people. • Spices were used by pharmacists.

6. Geography Review!

7. Vocabulary Words • Biomass: an organic matter( e.g. : fuel wood, agricultural waste, animal dung etc… • Geothermy: the internal heat of the earth. • Thermal power plants: a power plant that makes electrical energy. • Gas pipeline: used to transport natural gas. This pipeline can be found underground. • Oil pipeline: used to transport oil. This type of pipeline can also be found underground. • kWh(kilowatt per hour): an amount of electricity used or made in a period of one hour • Possible Reserves: a portion of fossil fuels that could be extracted if technical means were more advanced or if the cost of the raw material would increase sufficiently to make development profitable. • Proven Reserves: a portion of fossil fuels that is extracted using existing technology. • Wind turbine: used to get a hold of energy. • Tar sands: a mixture mainly made up of tar, sand, water and clay.

8. Top 15 Facts • Renewable Resources do not run out if they are managed in a sustainable manner. They include water and biomass. Nonrenewable resources are found in limited amounts of nature. • Solar power, wind and geothermy are inexhaustible. • Coal and oil have bad effects on our planet. • Coal was the worlds primary energy resource until the late 1960’s, when oil took over. • Nonrenewable resources are found in limited amounts of nature. • Solar power, wind and geothermy are inexhaustible. • Oil, natural gas, coal and uranium are nonrenewable. • Biomass is burned directly to produce heat or is used as a fuel to generate electricity. • Petroleum products are generally transported by railway tank cars or tanks to service stations and factories that use them as raw materials. • Since the Brazilian government launched its Proacoal program in 1975. Brazil has been the worlds biggest producer of ethanol. • The perpetual movement of waves and tides can generate a huge amount of energy. This is called Tidal Energy. • In nuclear power plants, energy is contained in the nuclei of radioactive substances(.e.g. uranium) is released. • Coal is 1/7 natural resources that produces the most energy.