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Diabetes Mellitus: General information

Diabetes Mellitus: General information. CDC 14.7 million Americans diagnosed (2004) Est. 5 million not diagnoses. Boston Globe – 10/27/2005. 21 million Americans have diabetes, CDC says

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Diabetes Mellitus: General information

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  1. Diabetes Mellitus: General information • CDC 14.7 million Americans diagnosed (2004) • Est. 5 million not diagnoses

  2. Boston Globe – 10/27/2005 21 million Americans have diabetes, CDC says WASHINGTON -- Almost 21 million Americans have diabetes, most of them the type-2 variety associated with poor diet, too little exercise, and being overweight, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said yesterday.

  3. Boston Globe – 10/27/2005 This represents about 7 percent of the population -- and more than 6 million of these people do not know they have the condition, the CDC said in a statement.

  4. Boston Globe – 10/27/2005 ''Another 41 million people are estimated to have pre-diabetes, a condition that increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes -- the most common form of the disease -- as well as heart disease and stroke," the CDC said

  5. Diabetes Mellitus: • 6th leading cause of death in US • 3rd leading cause of death by disease • Assoc. with many complication • Heart disease is the leading cause for a diabetic • 65% of diabetics have hypertension

  6. Diabetes Mellitus: • Risk of heart attack or stroke 3 times great if you have DM • DM leading cause of blindness in adults • DM leading cause of new cases of renal failure • 50% of all people with non-traumatic leg amputation have DM

  7. Diabetes Mellitus: • DM shortens peoples life span • DM creates disabilities • DM is an economic burden • 12% of all health care expenditures are for diabetic care/treatment • Seen in all age groups and races • 1/3 of diabetics are over the age of 60

  8. What is diabetes mellitus? • Group of disordered characterized by chronic hyperglycemia • Due to faulty insulin production • (Not Diabetes Insipidus)

  9. Classification of Diabetes • Type 2 • Adult onset • Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) • Type 4 • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

  10. Type 1 – Diabetes Mellitus • Old names • Juvenile diabetes • Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) • Destruction of the Beta cells • Result • NO insulin production • Insulin dependent

  11. Etiology Type 1 DM • #1: Auto-immune disease • #2: Idiopathic • Genetic susceptibility

  12. Function of Insulin • Need insulin for glucose to cross cell membrane • No insulin  no glucose in the cell • Glucose stays in the blood

  13. S&S of Type 1 DM • Hyperglycemia • ↑ blood glucose levels • No insulin  • Glucose stays in the blood stream • What effect does insulin have on glycogen? • Inhibits the conversion of glycogen to glucose

  14. S&S of Type 1 DM • Glycosuria • Glucose in the urine

  15. S&S of type 1 DM • Polyuria • Osmotic diuresis • Nocturia • Urinating during the night • Nursing diagnosis • Fluid Volume Deficit

  16. S&S of Type 1 DM • Polydipsia • Excessive thirst

  17. S&S of Type 1 DM • Polyphagia • Excessive hunger

  18. S&S of Type 1 DM • Dehydration

  19. S&S of Type 1 DM • Ketonuria • No insulin • Burn fats • Byproduct  ketones • ↑ ketone in the blood • Metabolic Acidosis

  20. Liver can not excrete all of the ketones  • spill into the urine  • Ketonuria

  21. Small Group Questions • Why would a person with high glucose levels have polyphagia? • Explain why polyuria is a common symptom of diabetes Mellitus Type 1. • What is hyperglycemia? • Why does hyperglycemia happen in Type 1 diabetes mellitus? • Explain why Ketonuria occurs in uncontrolled diabetics.

  22. Small Group Questions 6. What is a normal level for a FBS, 2h-PPG and GTT? 7. Define the following terms: Glucose, glycogen, glucagon, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycosuria. 8. What does an Hgb A1c measure? What are normal values for a diabetic and non-diabetic?

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