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The way to freedom

The way to freedom. Joanna Kacperska, Damian Polewski, Rafał Duda. IIal. 1. DECEMBER 1970. 6. GOVERMENT RESPOND. 2. MONUMENTS. 7. MARTIAL LAW. 8. WE DON’T GIVE UP. 3. AUGUST 1980. 9. ROUND TABLE. 4. LECH WALESA. 5. SUPPORT. 10. AFTER 1989. PHOTOS. In December 1970

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The way to freedom

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  1. The way to freedom Joanna Kacperska, Damian Polewski, Rafał Duda. IIal

  2. 1.DECEMBER 1970 6.GOVERMENT RESPOND 2.MONUMENTS 7.MARTIAL LAW 8.WE DON’T GIVE UP 3.AUGUST 1980 9.ROUND TABLE 4.LECH WALESA 5.SUPPORT 10.AFTER 1989 PHOTOS

  3. In December 1970 was born the new way of thinking about everything. The government created ZOMO company. Zomo supported calm and peace... but only for the government. For other people that was the special kind of police, who fought against the demonstrating people. They were very brutal and strong. They were riding in tanks and shooting at the people. 1000 people were hurt. 50 persons died. 3000 was arrested. There were 5000 militiaman and 27000 soldiers.

  4. Monument in Gdynia But we still remember about our fathers, mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers. Monuments are still visited by young people. Three Crosses Monument- a homage to dockyard workers, who died in December 1970 in Gdańsk

  5. AUGUST 1980 was the next important date.That was the beginning of the changes. We lived with censorship,in our shops there was nothing else except vinegar and militiamen were still on post. Freedom was our dream. At 14.08 in Gdansk Shipyard began the strike. People required from the government for example to rise their salary and to build the Monument of December ’70. 16.08 came into (Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy) Intercollegiate Committee Strikes. Lech Wałęsa was the guide of that committee. He was a worker in Gdansk Shipyard. Lech Walesa had a very great charisma. That was the beginning of new future.

  6. Lech Walesa was born on September 29, 1943 in Popowo, Poland. After graduating from vocational school,he worked as a car mechanic at a machine center from 1961 to 1965. He served in the army for two years, rose to the rank of corporal, and in 1967 was employed in the Gdansk shipyards as an electrician. During the clash in December 1970 between the workers and the government, he was one of the leaders of the shipyard workers and was briefly detained. In 1976, however, as a result of his activities as a shop steward, he was fired and had to earn his living by taking temporary jobs. In August 1980 he led the Gdansk shipyard strike which gave the rise to a wave of strikes over most of the country where Walesa was seen as the leader. The primary demands were for workers' rights. The authorities were forced to capitulate and to negotiate with Walesa the Gdansk Agreement of August 31, 1980, which gave the workers the right to strike and to organise their own independent union. Biography

  7. Who supported SOLIDARNOSC? The Catholic Church supported the movement, and in January 1981 Walesa was cordially received by Pope John Paul II in the Vatican. Walesa himself has always regarded his Catholicism as a source of strength and inspiration. In the years 1980-81 Walesa travelled to Italy, Japan, Sweden, France and Switzerland as a guest of the International Labour Organisation. In September 1981 he was elected for Solidarity Chairman at the First National Solidarity Congress in Gdansk.

  8. How responded polish government? The Jaruzelski regime became even more unpopular as economic conditions worsened, and it was finally forced to negotiate with Walesa and his Solidarity colleagues. The result was the holding of parliamentary elections which, although limited, led to the establishment of a non-communist government. Under Mikhail Gorbachey the Soviet Union was no longer prepared to use military force to keep communist parties in satellite states in power. General Jaruzelski

  9. Martial Law In  the face of economic crisis and the growing influence of Solidarity, and under pressure from the USSR, General Jaruzelski decided on a violent solution. On 13 December 1981 Martial Law was introduced in the People's Republic of Poland. Several thousand opposition campaigners were interned, and strikes were crushed with the help of the army and special riot police units. Jaruzelski are publishing Martial Law On 16 December nine miners were killed in the Wujek Coal Mine. Many members of the opposition and underground trade-unionists were sentenced to prison terms, others were forced to emigrate. Martial Law, which was officially lifted in July 1983, had not resolved Poland'sproblems.

  10. Lubin 31.08.1982 It was total chaos. People were scared. Policemen were shooting at everyone. It was horrible. But people did not give up. pictures

  11. The Polish economy still could not emerge from the crisis; opposition against the government did not diminish, but was kept up by thePope's subsequent pilgrimages, in 1983 and 1987  and award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Lech Walesa, Solidarity's leader (1983), none the less Solidarity structures had significantly weakened, and many succumbed to intimidation. Nevertheless the trade union continued to operate illegally under Walesa's leadership, which was reflected in the regular publication and distribution of several hundred clandestine periodicals and bulletins. Solidarity campaigners received support from the Church, which kept its strong position in society. By 1983 the scale of the repressions as well as of the opposition activities was relatively moderate compared to the earlier phase.

  12. They were everywhere. They werestrong. pictures

  13. ROUND TABLE In the early months of 1989, as a result of the Round Table talks, an agreement was signed calling for partially free elections to the Parliament. The opposition was to have 35% of the seats in the Parliament and free election to Senate. The election held on 4 June 1989 brought a landslide victory to Solidarity. It was clear that the Communist Party would not be able to continue to govern in the face of such massive opposition from the people. Although the Parliament returned,  dubbed the "contractual Parliament", elected Gen. Jaruzelski President of the Republic, the office of Prime Minister was entrusted to a Solidarity candidate, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who had been a chief adviser to the Gdansk strike committee in 1980. On 29 July 1989 the Parliament changed the country's name and constitution.

  14. The People's Republic of Poland became a thing of the past. The age of the Third Republic of Poland commenced. The events in Poland precipitated the fall of the entire Communist block. TheYalta arrangement collapsed. The Round Table compromise and peaceful transfer from theCommunist system to a democratic system were possible thanks to the fundamental changes in the policy of the USSR, which in the period between 1986 and 1988 began to implement the ideas of glasnost and perestroika - political and economic openness to the outside world.

  15. In April 1990 at Solidarity's second national congress, Walesa was elected a chairman with 77.5% of the votes. In December 1990 in a general ballot he was elected the President of the Republic of Poland. He served until defeated in the election of November 1995.

  16. PHOTOS

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