UPR-R(river) P(rock) X U n I v e r s I t y o f P u e r t o R I c o

1. UPR-R(river) P(rock) X U n I v e r s I t y o f P u e r t o R I c o CoDR October 4, 2011 Presentation Version 1.0

2. CoDR Presentation Content • Section 1: Mission Overview • Mission Overview • Theory and Concepts • Mission Requirements (brief, top level) • Concept of Operations • Expected Results • Section 2: Design Overview • Design Overview • Functional Block Diagrams • Payload Layout • RockSat-X 2011 User’s Guide Compliance • Section 3: Management • Team Organization • Schedule • Budget • Mentors (Faculty, industry) • Section 4: Conclusions

3. Section 1 Mission Overview

4. Mission Overview • Mission Statement • In representation of the University of Puerto Rico, as a team we intend to get involved in the renewed project RockSat X 2012. Our purpose is: • To expand our knowledge and that of others in aerospace related areas.Carefully selected, the experiment that will be carried out includes mass spectroscopy to analyze molecular species and their respective partial pressures in near space. Also, we’re going to apply our new knowledge so that we don’t make the same mistakes. • In this way we will contribute with valuable information for interstellar travel and advances benefiting the space bound crew to collect and replenish essential resources such as water and fuel. We will try our best to bring new and useful data to our investigation.

5. Mission Overview Carrying out this experiment involves a set of minimum requirements. Our main tool will be two mass spectrometers (Residual Gas Analyzer, RGA) that will identify molecular species from 1 to 200 amu. Computers need to be modified for the communication with the mass spectrometry by telemetry. This is one of the most important requisites needed to carry out the project properly. It is also necessary to have a basic knowledge of science in the areas of chemistry and physics to understand several events/concepts that will be taking place.

6. Mission Overview 1. We want to encourage future space voyagers to use gas molecules present in outer space to capture and synthesize necessary resources, such as water and fuel. 2. In this experiment, we expect to determine the abundance of different types of gas molecules that exist in the outer atmosphere and near outer space, using mass spectroscopy.

7. Mission Overview • Our data will provide preliminary information about the type of molecular gases that are found at different altitudes and densities. • With this data, scientists can develop and apply mass spectrometry mechanisms for the capture and separation of specific species of gas molecules, or atoms to make the necessary resources needed in long distance space flights.

8. Theory and Concepts • The Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an instrumental analytical method used to determine atomic masses using the combined properties of mass and electric charge. This will help to detect and measure the relative abundances of atomic and molecular species. • The instrument will also measure the total amount of gas and the partial pressures of the species studied. • The substances identified by electric charge/mass ratio will be: • Positively charge the molecules (ionize them). • Accelerate the ions through an alternating electromagnetic field that acts as a filter. • Detect the number of charged species vs. atomic mass.

9. How the instrument works: • Magnetic Filter • Some limitations: • Big and Heavy magnet • weight is over 500 lbs. • Limited Flexibility • Electro-Magnetic Filter • Some Advantage • Small and lighter ionizer and quadruple • weight is 5 lbs. • More flexible to modifies to this experimentation

10. How the instrument works (1): • Step 1 Create the ions • Measure the amount of the gas • Measure the amount of the electrons that pass through by the source grid • Measure the partial pressure • Produce a beam of electrons [70eV] creating ions of the species • Create a magnetic potential to accelerate the ions through the quadruple

11. How the instrument works (2): • Step 2 Filter the ions • A quadruple mass filter consisting of an arrangement of 4 metal rods with a time-varying electrical voltage of the proper amplitude and frequency applied • This mechanism helps us to select which ions will pass by his charge which is • relative to their masses. • The instrument can be program to scan only selected mass, applying a specific current, move and measure only the mass that we want to measure. • Or can scan all the mass to 1 – 200 amu and see what we have in the time.

12. How the instrument works (3): • Step 3 Detect the filtered ions • The ions that pass through the mass filter are focused toward a Faraday cup and the current is measured with a sensitive ammeter. • The resultant signal being proportional to the partial pressure of the particular ion species passed by the mass filter.

13. How the instrument works (4): • Step 4 Amplify the signal • Amplifies the current that the faraday cup receive approximately 10-14 amps. • The ions striking the B/A detector wire produce a comparatively larger current, on the order of 10-9 amps at 3.3 x 10-7 Torr.

14. Concept of Operations Altitude t ≈ 1.7 min Altitude: 95 km ReScan, Deployment of secong MS t ≈ 4.0 min Altitude: 95 km Start recovery sequences Apogee t ≈ 2.8 min Altitude: ≈120 km t ≈ 1.3 min Altitude: 80 km Star Ionizing, Mass Spectra t ≈ 4.5 min Altitude: 80 km Retract Complete End of Orion Burn and Filaments ON t ≈ 0.6 min Altitude: 60 km t ≈ 5.5 min Chute Deploys t = 0 min t ≈ 15 min Splash Down -G switch triggered -All systems on

15. Expected Results • Mass Spectrometry output results in an integrated mass spectrum with all identifiable species represented by characteristic fragments of specific mass/charge ratio in specific proportions. • Analyzing the results will determine what species are in the lower outer space. • Verify the near space and space composition. • Identify possible sources of energy and/or useful materials. • Help and contribute to the scientific community.

16. Concentration of N2, O2, O3, He CoDR Expected gases in our atmosphere N2, O2, Ar, CO2 He, Ne, Kr, Xe, H2, N2O CH4, O3, H2O, CO, NO2, NH3, SO2, H2S 16

17. Now, why two Mass Spectrometer? • Analyzing the expected results, we conclude that we need two different MS. In the first one, it’s quadruple will measures all masses between 1 and 200 amu, to see all the species and their fragments that are in the outer space. In the second one, it’s quadruple will measures just the masses that we select to look, programming the instrument. This will help to verify the composition of the atmosphere .

18. Section 2 Design Overview

19. Design Overview • We will use a stacked configuration. • The sensor will be the same as a previous flight, two Mass Spectrometers. Mass Spectrometer #2 Mass Spectrometer #1

20. Modifications & Improvements Modifications • Improve Power supply. • Improve Actuator devices. • Improvements • Replace all cables that were not made of teflon cable insulators. • All wiring harness must have independent connectors. • Software v.2.0 (UNIX Space Programming)

21. Subsystem Overview

22. System Level Block Diagram

23. Trade Studies • For mainboard considering cost, number serial ports, power requirements and form factor, option A for the prototype will be VIA EITX-3001 Em-ITX. • For I/O Board considering cost, configuration options and form factor, option A for the prototype will be RS-232 Relay Controller 4-Channel 5 Amp SPDT + 8-Channel 8/10-Bit A/D which has more option for configuring the relay and has a smaller footprint.

24. Risk Matrix Risk 1 – Computer system crash during flight and data could not be collected mission objectives could not be completed. Risk 2 – A boom arm failure during deployment occurs and probe performs measurements inside the payload. Risk 3 – Telemetry error between x86computer and wallops leaving experiment data only on the payload storage which will have survive landing on the sea. Risk 4 – Power failure on some of the component making function ability limited.

25. Design Description

26. Mechanical Design elements Mechanical Front view design

27. 3D image of our payload

28. Actual Payload

29. Mass Spectrometer

30. Exploded Mass Spectrometer with Electronics

31. Ionizer Assembly and Quadrupole Filter

32. Mass Spectrometer RF Electronics Stack and Computer Control

33. Electrical design element

34. System ElectricalDiagram

35. Wallops Interfacing: Power

36. Wallops Interfacing: Telemetry Analog to digital converters line are not being use in the payload design for now because all sensor communicate via serial port to the computer directly

37. User Guide Compliance

38. Section 3 Management

39. Team Organization 2011-2012 Rocksat X 2012 Team Organization Gladys Muñoz (Faculty Support) Oscar Resto (Mentor/PI) Jaime Santillán (Team leader) Eduardo Feliciano (Secretary) Aihab Aboukheir (Timekeeper) Pedro Meléndez Software Technical Leader SamalisSantini Team Member Inés Robles (Team Member) Edith Alicea (Team Member) Eva Frontera (Team Member) Gloricel Ramos (Team Member) Gabriela Padilla (Team Member) Luis Betancourt (Team Member) Adriel Ortiz (Team Member) Marie C. Padín (Team Member) Felix Santiago (Team Member) Laura Bimbela (Team Member) Christian Almanzar (Team Member) Angélica Guzmán (Team Member) Abraham García (Team Member) Maxier Acosta (Team Member) Orlando X Nieves (Team Member) Edgardo Martínez (Team Member) Rodrigo Morell (Team Member) Milarys Hernández (Team Member)

40. Schedule • The entire schedule will be made after the Payload Assessment.

41. Budget We are going to determine the budget after we work with the payload assessment, because we were working with the presentation first.

42. Section 4 Conclusions

43. Conclusions In representation of the University of Puerto Rico, as a team forming the Rocksat X 2012 project, we intend to accomplish a successful launch an experiment in order to expand our knowledge in aerospace related areas. The experiments performed in space were mass spectroscopy to analyze molecular species and their respective partial pressures. As this project was launched before, the focus will be to acquire complete data about the partial pressure of the species’ masses found in near space and space so a publication could be made with a more general amount of data.