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Human Family Tree

Human Family Tree. Five Key Points. Split with chimps & bonobos (MRCA) about 7M years ago. Human evolution was not a straight line – there were many side branches and dead ends. For most of human evolution, different species of hominid lived side by side.

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Human Family Tree

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  1. Human Family Tree Five Key Points Split with chimps & bonobos (MRCA) about 7M years ago Human evolution was not a straight line – there were many side branches and dead ends For most of human evolution, different species of hominid lived side by side Our species is very young (about 150,000 yrs. old) Human evolution is a fact, not a theory

  2. Australopithecus • Appeared in Africa c. 4 million y.a. and lasted for over 2 million years! • Bipedal (walked on two feet) • Started losing body hair • Brain no bigger than a chimp (about 1/3 size of our brain) • Lucy – 3.5M years ago, 25 yr. old. Female, found in Ethiopia

  3. Homo habilis • Appeared in Africa c. 2.5 million y.a. and lasted until c. 1.5 million y.a. • First tool maker (“handy man”) • Overlapped with Australopithecus • Larger brain, smaller face than Australopithecus • Beginning of Paleolithic Age

  4. Homo erectus • Appeared in Africa c. 1.8 million y.a. and lasted until c. 100,000 yrs. ago • Learned how to control fire and cook food • Lived in hunter-gathering bands • Spread around the world, including in Asia (Peking Man, Java Man)

  5. Homo neanderthalensis • Also called Neanderthal Man – bones first found in Neander Valley • Lived in Europe from about 400,000 until only 30,000 years ago • Brain size similar to ours but thicker body structure and big brows • Buried their dead – and sometimes included grave goods • Wiped out by modern human? Or out-competed? Or inter-bred?

  6. Homo sapiens • Modern human – sapiens means “wise” • Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago – a young species! • Found in Middle East and Asia by 60,000 years ago • Found in Europe by 40,000 years ago (Cro-Magnons) • Advanced tools – cave art

  7. Overlapping Species • Many side branches. • All extinct except us. • Which is a parent and which a cousin?

  8. Very VERY Long Time Span • How many generations of your family do you know? • How many do you think there are if you go back to Australopithecus?? • Assume one generation = 20 years

  9. World Migration …partly thanks to ice age “land bridges”

  10. What is Culture?

  11. Technology Cro-Magnon More specialized Homo erectus Homo hablis

  12. Art

  13. Knowledge, Beliefs and Behavior

  14. Cave Art

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