PAST PARTICIPLES

1. PAST PARTICIPLES THE FORM OF THE VERB THAT YOU USE WITH HAS, HAD, & HAVE (AND SOMETIMES WITH AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, & BE & BEEN)

2. Some past participles end in -ed The puppy has chewed on that bone for hours. Al and Tina had packed before their trip. The cars were parked in the garage. Some past participles are irregular Present Past Past Participle sleep slept slept break broke broken forget forgot forgotten The puppy has slept for hours. Janet had broken her new vase. Margo’s promise was forgotten.

3. WHEN DO YOU USE HAVE & HAS? WHEN IT STARTED IN THE PAST AND JUST FINISHED OR IT IS CONTINUING. PAST (HAS/HAVE) PRESENT FUTURE Mrs. Lewinsky has taught math for twenty years. (She started teaching in the past and still teaches.) Mr. and Mrs. Lu have been married for forty years. (They got married 40 years ago and are still married).

4. WHEN DO YOU USE HAD? WHEN TWO ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND ONE ACTION OCCURRED BEFORE THE OTHER PAST ACTION. PAST (HAD) PAST PRESENT Mrs. Jones had taught math before she became a doctor. (She BECAME a doctor—past—but even before that, she HAD taught.) Mr. and Mrs. Lu had just arrived when it began to snow. (It began to snow—past—but even before that, they HAD arrived).

5. Harvey has worn that shirt for a week now. Is Harvey still wearing the shirt? Yes ~ the action continues. John and his wife have found a pirate’s treasure chest in their back yard. They JUST found it recently. (Compare to “John and his wife FOUND . . . .”) The committee has given Joe its highest award. The committee JUST gave Joe the award. (Compare this to “The committee GAVE JOE its highest award.”) Armand has known about Julia’s secret for years. Does Armand still know about her secret? Yes ~

6. OFTEN, WHEN USING “HAVE” & “HAS,” YOU WILL USE THE WORDS FOR & SINCE. SOMETIMES YOU WILL USE THE WORDS JUST, RECENTLY, AND ALREADY. Herman has attended GCC for two years. My dog Black Bart has played poker since 1997. The members of Fight Club havejust voted for their new president.

7. Harvey had worn that shirt until his mother told him to take it off. In the PAST, his mother TOLD him to take it off—BEFORE that, EARLIER in the past, he HAD WORN it. John and his wife had found a pirate’s treasure chest in their back yard, but the government confiscated it. In the PAST, the government CONFISCATED the treasure, but BEFORE that, EARLIER in the past, they HAD FOUND it.

8. DECIDE WHETHER TO USE SIMPLE PAST, HAS/HAVE, OR HAD. forgot, has forgotten, have forgotten, had forgotten Jonathan _____________ his lines during the play last night. Jonathan _____________ his lines every night this week. Jonathan ______________ his lines, but another cast member whispered them to him. forgot Last night is over and done with. has forgotten We assume it’s recent and maybe ongoing. had forgotten In the past, a cast member whispered the lines, but BEFORE that, Jonathan had forgotten.

9. DECIDE WHETHER TO USE SIMPLE PAST, HAS/HAVE, OR HAD. ate, has eaten, have eaten, had eaten The hyenas _____________ the antelope last night. I see that the hyenas _____________ the antelope. The hyenas ______________ the antelope before we arrived. ate have eaten had eaten

10. THE IMPORTANT THING IS TO USE THE PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF THE VERB WITH HAVE, HAS, AND HAD!

11. THE PASSIVE VOICE ~ THE DOG BIT MIKE. What is the subject of the sentence? Is the subject DOING the action (the biting)? YES ~ the subject is ACTIVE! The subject is DOING what the verb says. MIKE WAS BITTEN BY THE DOG. What is the subject of the sentence? Is the subject (Mike) doing the action (the biting)? NO ~ the subject PASSIVELY sits there doing NOTHING. The subject is NOT doing what the verb says. It’s PASSIVE!

12. MIKE WAS BITTEN BY THE DOG. NOTICE that the PASSIVE sentence contains a helping verb (the helping verb could be IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, AND HAVE/HAS/HAD BEEN) AND THE PAST PARTICIPLE form of the verb! MIKE WAS BITTEN BY THE DOG. You may also have a prepositional phrase with “BY” in it. AGAIN, THE IMPORTANT THING IS TO USE THE PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF THE VERB!

13. My cousin is embarrass by all the attention. The book was stole from my locker. The wedding was postpone until January. The judges were prejudice. His gun was once own by a famous gangster. My cousin is embarrassed by all the attention. The book was stolen from my locker. The wedding was postponed until January. The judges were prejudiced. His gun was once owned by a famous gangster.

14. The ancient civilization was discover by the explorers. Juliet and Ramone were name prom king and queen. The restaurant is locate in a swanky neighborhood. The students were confuse by the math question. The horse was rode hard and put up wet. The ancient civilization was discovered by the explorers. Juliet and Ramone were named prom king and queen. The restaurant is located in a swanky neighborhood. The students were confused by the math question. The horse wasridden hard and put up wet.

15. USING THE PAST PARTICIPLE VERB AS A DESCRIPTION SOMETIMES, YOU CAN USE A VERB TO DESCRIBE A NOUN ~ The QUALIFIED mechanic The STOLEN credit card The TERRIFIED child The HIDDEN treasure The ABANDONED child The MARRIED man