SESSION 9 MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS

1. SESSION 9MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS

2. SESSION GOALS To increase workshop participants’ understanding of:1)Setting gender objectives 2) Identifying SMART gender-sensitive indicators 3) Setting targets 4) Monitoring throughout program/project lifecycle

3. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Strategic Goal 4: Promoting Economic Growth and Prosperity “The U.S. Government’s goal is rapid, sustainable, and broad-based economic growth, both domestically and internationally. To address the development challenges of the future, we must ensure that we lay the groundwork for future growth and support sustainable use of natural resources. We will work to ensure that our efforts effectively target women because growth will lag without the full participation of women.” U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development. Transformational Diplomacy. Strategic Plan Fiscal years 2007-20012. Revised May 7, 2007, p. 26.

4. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS What are Performance Indicators? • Performance Indicators describe how well a program is achieving its objectives.

5. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS How are Performance Indicators used? • Provide an indispensible management tool for making performance-based decisions about program strategies and activities. • Orient and motivate operating unit staff toward achieving results • Communicate USAID achievements (to host country counterparts, other partners, and customers) • Report results achieved to USAID’s stakeholders (including U.S. Congress, OMB, and citizens)

6. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Levels of Performance Monitoring Joint State/USAID Performance Plan Country Strategic Plan Project/Implementing Partner

7. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Levels of Performance Monitoring Level 1: US Department of State-USAID Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012/PART • Focus on demonstrating performance through common indicators • USAID/W focus on common indicators across countries • “F” Bureau Joint Performance Plan and Performance Report

8. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Level 1: US Department of State-USAID Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012Some Economic Growth Indicators: • Time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export/import goods • Number of people with increased access to modern energy and infrastructure services due to U.S. government assistance • Number of rural households benefiting directly from U.S. Government interventions in agriculture • Credit to private sector as percent of gross domestic product • Percent change in value of international exports of targeted agricultural commodities due to U.S. government assistance

9. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Level 1: Some indicators are disaggregated by “sex” or “sex of household head” • Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions (disaggregated by sex of claimed or presumed head) • Number of people gaining employment or better employment as a result of participation in USG-funded workforce development programs (disaggregated by sex, age, new vs. improved) • Number of borrowers from USG-assisted microfinance institutions (disaggregated by sex) • Number of individuals who have received USG supported short-term agricultural sector productivity training (disaggregated by sex) • Number of women’s organizations/associations assisted as a result of USG supported activities

10. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Level 2: Country-level Strategic Plan/OP • USAID mission (joint with Embassy) • report on Level 1 Indicators • “custom” indicators • Agriculture-specific: IEHA Indicators (Initiative to End Hunger in Africa) • USAID mechanisms for generating and reporting data • coordinates implementing partners inputs • funds activities to generate data for performance reporting

11. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Level 3: Implementing Partner • Report data to USAID on Level 1 and 2 indicators • Use performance monitoring plan for project management • We will focus on Monitoring Gender Impacts on Level 3

12. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS What is a gender-sensitive Indicator? • Not just a disaggregation by sex • Not just a disaggregation by sex of household head

13. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS What is a gender-sensitive Indicator? “Gender-sensitive” indicators have the special function of pointing out how far and in what ways development programs and projects have met their gender objectives and achieved results related to gender equity.”

14. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Why are Gender-sensitive Indicators Important? • To know if we have achieved gender objectives • To communicate achievements toward gender objectives • To know if we have created gender differences

15. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Integrating Gender into the Project Life Cycle Project Life Cycle

16. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation 3. Monitor & Evaluate Step 1: DEVELOP AND MONITOR INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact

17. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Step 1: DEVELOP INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes • Develop Indicators • Set baselines and targets

18. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Steps to Develop Performance Indicators Develop list of potential indicators Assess potential indicators Select best indicators Document indicators in PMP Direct Objective Adequate Practical Attributable Useful Reflect progress

19. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Steps to Develop Performance Indicators • Include important stakeholders in the development, e.g. local women’s organizations, NGOs, men and women project beneficiaries as appropriate Develop list of potential indicators

20. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Steps to Develop Performance Indicators ‘Not everything that counts can be counted and not everything that can be counted counts.’ Albert Einstein

21. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Three Types of Gender-Sensitive Indicators • Quantitative indicators - numerical measurements of changes • in the behaviors, attitudes and behaviors/practices of targeted individuals, disaggregated by sex and/or other social variables • # men/# women • Qualitative indicators - more subjective measures • that address perceptions and relative progress toward a target such as reduction of gender impediments • can be measured using scales, ranking and indices • # men/# women ranking their satisfaction level with government services • Process-oriented indicators – can be either • quantitative i.e., measuring the achievement of activity deliverables such as training attendance (#men/#women) • qualitative (e.g. quality of participation of men and women in workshops)

22. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Example of Objective-level Indicator Development • Employment in processing plants • Employment in horticulture production • Income increases due to employment

23. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Example of Objective-level Indicator Development • Sex-disaggregated data on employment • Number of women in supervisory and management positions • Percentage of women in supervisory and management positions

24. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Example of Objective-level Indicator Development Gender-sensitive Indicators • Sex-disaggregated data on employment • Number of women in supervisory and management positions • Percentage of women in supervisory and management positions. General Indicators • Employment in processing plants • Employment in horticulture production

25. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Setting Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators Identify potential data sources Generate data collection options Select data collection options Develop data collection tool

26. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators • Establish baselines – must know where you are in order to know where you are going • Establish realistic targets • Separate targets for women and men • Check your assumptions • For example, does an increase in household income benefit all household members equally? Instead of “increase farmers’ income by 25%” consider “increase income under women’s control by 25%” • Clarify areas where more information is needed • Determine how more information can be obtained • Have you interviewed both women and men?

27. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators • Avoid only counting bodies • Indicators should capture quality and not just quantity • Attendance only or true participation and decision-making • Quality of jobs rather than numbers of employed • Aim to measure changes in levels of inequality • Instead of “25 women joined the producer association” “Proportion of women producer association members increased from 25% to 50%; for the first time, women hold 3 leadership positions in the association” • If the indicator measures only volume of sales, it is not possible to determine if women’s proportion of sales have increased relative to men’s

28. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Data Collection Issues for Gender-Sensitive Indicators • Sex-disaggregated secondary sources are generally weak or unavailable • Need interviews of individuals, not just household head • Data collected using sex of household head as key differentiator does not capture gender-impacts: • Better proxy for poverty than gender • female-headed households not homogenous

29. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Performance Indicator Reference Sheet • Description of Indicator with definitions, units of measurement, disaggregation • Plan for data acquisition with methods, data sources, timing, estimated costs • Data quality issues with dates of initial and future quality assessments • Plan for data analysis review and reporting

30. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Performance Data Table

31. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation 3. Monitor & Evaluate Step 1: DEVELOP INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact

32. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives • Track progress toward gender objectives by reviewing progress toward indicator targets on a regular (quarterly, biannual) basis • Should be conducted along with review of all indicators

33. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact • Gender-objective Achievement Report • An overall assessment of performance toward the achievement of gender objectives for the project • At a minimum should have a Mid-term and Final Evaluation Report (or section in report) to assess performance toward gender objectives

34. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Acting on Monitoring Results Step 1: ADJUST DESIGN AND ACTIVITIES based on monitoring and evaluation results Step 2: STRENGTHEN SUCCESSFUL ASPECTS of the program and rework aspects that do not adequately address project-related gender issues 4. Assess needs and identify problems

35. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS 4. Assess needs and identify problems Step 1: ADJUST DESIGN AND ACTIVITIES based on monitoring and evaluation results If project is not meeting gender-sensitive targets, then need to re-examine the assumptions underlying the activities • Sufficient number of activities? • Sufficient resources behind activities? • Variables outside control of project?

36. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS 4. Assess needs and identify problems Step 2: STRENGTHEN SUCCESSFUL ASPECTS of the program • Rework aspects that do not adequately address project-related gender issues • Derive and share lessons that can useful for other projects/programs

37. GENDER INTEGRATION MATRIX 37

38. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Exercise on Gender-sensitive Indicators Based on the Revised Objective identified in Session 8: • Identify potential indicators • Identify potential data needed to specify baselines and target

39. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS Gender Integration in USAID Programming Identify gender relations at the start of the project through gender analysis and establish an appropriate baseline ↓ (monitor changes) Describe gender relations at the end of the project (results) and start of the next project (new baseline) • How will gender relations affect the achievement of sustainable results? • How will proposed results affect the relative status of men and women?