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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Present Tense/Passive Voice Present Passive Infinitive Ablative of Agent 1 st and 2 nd Declension – er Adjectives. The Active Voice. Thus far, we have learned the present tense in the active voice of verbs. Singular Plural 1 st -o - mus

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Present Tense/Passive Voice Present Passive Infinitive Ablative of Agent 1st and 2nd Declension –er Adjectives

  2. The Active Voice • Thus far, we have learned the present tense in the active voice of verbs. SingularPlural 1st -o -mus 2nd -s -tis 3rd -t -nt • These inflectional endings indicate the subject of the verb and indicate that the subject is in the active voice (performing the action).

  3. The Passive Voice • Where the subject of the active voice performs the action of the verb, the subject of a passive voice verb receives the action of the verb. • E.g. Active Voice- You love Passive Voice- You are loved What are the differences between these two translations?

  4. Passive Voice in English • To form the passive voice in English… • A form of the verb “to be” must be placed between the subject and the verb (i.e. am, is, are). • A past form tense of the verb must be used (i.e. –ed form of the verb).

  5. Passive Voice in Latin • The passive voice in Latin is indicated by the following endings… SingularPlural 1st -r (I) -mur (we) 2nd -ris (you) -mini (you) 3rd -tur(he,she,it)-ntur (they)

  6. Conjugating a Verb in the Passive Voice • The procedure which is done for active voice verbs is also done for the passive. • Determine the conjugation • Find the stem (from the 1st principal part) • Add the linking vowel based on the conjugation • Apply the endings • Translate each form of the verb

  7. Conjugating a Verb in the Passive Voice • Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum- to love • To which conjugation does amo belong? • What is the stem of this verb? • What then is the linking which will be used? • What are the passive voice endings? • How do we translate this verb? N.B.-

  8. Present/Passive of Amo • Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum- to love SingularPlural 1st amoramamur 2nd amarisamamini 3rd amaturamantur

  9. Translations of Amo in the Passive • Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum- to love SingularPlural 1st I am loved We are loved 2nd You are loved You are loved 3rd He/She/It is loved They are loved

  10. Present Active Infinitive • The 2nd principle part of every verb is the present active infinitive. • Used to determine the conjugation of the verb • Translate as “to + verb” E.g. Dō, dāre, dedī, datum- give Infinitive = dāre (to give)

  11. Present Passive Infinitive • The present passive infinitive for the 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs is done the same way. • Find the present active infinitive • Remove the “e” from the verb end • Put an “i” in the place of where the “e” was. • Translate as “to be + verb (past tense form)” E.g. Dō, dāre, dedī, datum- give PAI = dāre (to give) PPI= dārī (to be given)

  12. Ablative of Agent • Even though passive voice verbs have their subject receive the action of the verb, it is possible to show who/what is performing the action of a passive voice verb. This is done through an Ablative of Agent construction. • An Ablative of Agent construction is equivalent to an active voice subject performing the action of the verb.

  13. Ablative of Agent • Active voice construction • Ilove the dog. • Equivalent passive voice construction with an ablative of agent. • The dogis lovedby me. Simply put, an Ablative of Agent construction is used to indicate who is performing the action of a passive voice verb.

  14. Ablative of Agent • To form an Ablative of Agent construction in Latin, the following must exist: • The preposition a/ab plus a noun in the ablative case. • A verb in the passive voice The preposition a/ab when used with an ablative of agent is translated as “by”. Otherwise it can also mean “from”.

  15. Ablative of Agent • Active voice construction • Mali Virimala consiliaparant. • Bad men are designing bad plans. • Passive voice construction • Mala consiliaa malisvirisparantur. • Bad plans are designed by bad men. Notice what changes between the two constructions.

  16. Adjectives Ending in -er • Look at pg. 77-78

  17. Vocabulary to Learn • Page 73. Lets take a look!!!

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