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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Key Concepts and Equations

Explore the fundamental principles of chemical reactions, such as evolution of heat and light, gas and precipitate formation, color changes, and the Law of Conservation of Mass. Learn to write and interpret chemical equations, identifying reactants and products using symbols and coefficients. Discover how coefficients describe the number and state of atoms or molecules involved in reactions. Master the language of equations to describe various chemical processes accurately.

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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Key Concepts and Equations

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  1. Ch. 8 – Chemical Reactions Intro to Reactions(p. 241 – 250) C. Johannesson

  2. A.Signs of a Chemical Reaction • Evolution of heat and light • Formation of a gas • Formation of a precipitate • Color change C. Johannesson

  3. B.Law of Conservation of Mass • mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction • total mass stays the same • atoms can only rearrange 4 H 2 O 4 H 2 O 36 g 4 g 32 g C. Johannesson

  4. C. Chemical Equations A+B  C+D REACTANTS PRODUCTS C. Johannesson

  5. C. Chemical Equations p. 246 C. Johannesson

  6. D. Writing Equations 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) • Identify the substances involved. • Use symbols to show: • How many? - coefficient • Of what? - chemical formula • In what state? - physical state • Remember the diatomic elements. C. Johannesson

  7. D. Writing Equations Two atoms of aluminum react with three units of aqueous copper(II) chloride to produce three atoms of copper and two units of aqueous aluminum chloride. • How many? • Of what? • In what state?  3 2 Al (s) + 3 CuCl2 (aq) Cu (s) + 2 AlCl3 (aq) C. Johannesson

  8. Describing Coefficients: individual atom = “atom” covalent substance = “molecule” ionic substance = “unit” E. Describing Equations 3CO2 2Mg  4MgO  3 molecules of carbon dioxide 2 atoms of magnesium 4 units of magnesium oxide C. Johannesson

  9. E. Describing Equations Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) to produce • How many? • Of what? • In what state? One atom of solid zinc reacts with two molecules of aqueous hydrochloric acid one unit of aqueous zinc chloride and one molecule of hydrogen gas. C. Johannesson

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