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History of Slavery in America

History of Slavery in America. It’s All Downhill From H ere !. Slaves as Indentured S e rvants. Slavery existed as early as the expedition of Columbus. Native American slaves were ineffective. First black slaves to Virginia in 1619 as indentured servants .

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History of Slavery in America

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  1. History of Slavery in America

    It’s All Downhill From Here!
  2. Slaves as Indentured Servants Slavery existed as early as the expedition of Columbus. Native American slaves were ineffective. First black slaves to Virginia in 1619 as indentured servants. When they were freed, they bought slaves of their own.
  3. Indentured Servant In the old days, if you owed money, you would be sent to jail or you could “sell” yourself to the person to whom you owed money to pay off a debt. Once you “paid” (about 5-7 yrs.) you were set free. Some would indenture themselves to pay for their trip to America..

  4. 1. What is an Indentured Servant??

  5. It Becomes a Racial Issue In 1641, Massachusetts became the first colony to legally recognize slavery. Soon the other colonies did also. This was mostly based on religion. In 1662, Virginia de- cided all children born to a slave mother would be a slave, not only making it life-long, but hereditary.
  6. Based on Religion!?! “All slaves imported and brought into the country… who were not Christians in their native country… shall be accounted and be slaves. all Negro, mulatto, and Indian slaves within this dominion… shall be held as real estate.” Virginia General Assembly Declaration - 1705
  7. The Middle Passage Even the English King got into it by establish- ing a slave trading company, and English slavers joined the Triangle trade to Africa.

  8. 2. What would be the religious excuse for slavery?

  9. 1785 - Slavery Made Illegal in Northwest Territory Although the Constitution would make slavery legal in the states, the Northwest ordinance of 1785 allowed Congress to decide fate of slavery in future states.
  10. 1793 - Whitney’s Cotton Gin Creates “Need” for More Slaves. The Founding Fathers expected slavery to die out on its own, allowing the slave trade to be outlawed in 1808. However, the cotton gin changed all that.

  11. 3. How did the invention of the Cotton Gin perpetuate (make lasting) slavery in the South?

  12. The Evils of Slavery Physical punishment Humiliation Loss of Freedom Kept in Ignorance Split Families Overwork
  13. The Picket Tied by hands to crossbar. Foot tied to other knee. Other foot above picket. Either pull on rope, or step on picket. While being whipped, executioner could spin the victim on the picket.
  14. Slaves Fight Back Inspired by Haitian slave revolt, Gabriel Prosser organizes slave revolt in Virginia in 1800. Plot was discovered, he was captured and hung. Virginia tightens slaves laws.

  15. 4. How do you suppose slaves in the South heard about the Haitian revolution?

  16. Slaves Fight Back II 1822 - Denmark Vessy, a free black organizes revolt in South Carolina. Again the plot was discovered. Vessy and 34 others were hung.
  17. Slaves Fight Back III 1831 - Nat Turner, slave preacher and prophet hatches a revolt in Virginia. before the state militia could end it, over 60 whites were killed. Turner was captured and hung.
  18. Slaves Fight Back IV (with help). 1839 - Slaves aboard slave ship, Amistad, from Cuba overtake ship, but get stopped by Coast Guard. Case goes to Supreme Court. Slaves are defended by former President John Q. Adams, and are freed.

  19. 5. What slave law of the Constitution allowed these men to go free?

  20. The Fight in Congress 1820 - Missouri Compromise says all states in Louisiana Territory above 36o 30” latitude to be free, except for Missouri.
  21. The Fight in Congress II 1846 - As America goes to war with Mexico, Congressman David Wilmot introduces Wilmot Proviso, worried that new territories won from Mexico will be made into slave states. Proviso fails, but it inflames debate in Congress. Many oppose war because it is seen as conspiracy to gain slave territory.
  22. The Fight in Congress III Former president, now congressman from Massachusetts, dies of stroke in Congress defending right of slaves to be free - Feb. 23, 1848.
  23. The Fight in Congress IV What to do about slavery in the new territories after the Mexican War? The Compromise of 1850 allows “popular sovereignty.” It also makes California a free state, bans the slave trade in D.C. and creates a tougher Fugitive Slave Law. Now runaway slaves must flee all the way to Canada, making the Underground Railroad’s job harder.
  24. The Fight in Congress V The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allows popular sovereignty even in areas where slavery was banned by the Missouri Compro- mise. Violence ensues.

  25. 6. How did the Kansas Nebraska Bill nullify the Missouri Compromise?

  26. Led by pro-slave “Bushwhackers” and “Border Ruffians” from Missouri, and anti-slave “Jayhawks” from Missouri, the border struggle between free and slave states becomes known as Bleeding Kansas”. Atrocities are committed by both sides, and the entire nation becomes involved in the debate.
  27. The Fight in Congress VI 1856 - Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivers angry speech aimed at Sen. Butler and S.C. against slavery. Butler’s nephew, a congressman down the hall takes it as an insult. He walks over to the Senate side, and...
  28. … beats Sen. Sumner senseless with his cane!!!
  29. Now, the Supreme Court... A St. Louis slave, Dred Scott sued for his freedom, stating his master had taken him into free territory, and he should have been let go. Case goes to Supreme Court - 1857.
  30. Dred Scott v. Sanford - 1857 Chief Justice Taney says slaves, not being citizens, cannot sue in U.S. courts. Furthermore, Congress cannot keep a person from taking their property wherever they want to. Basically, slavery is allowed everywhere!

  31. 7. Did Judge Taney defend the Constituion here, or not?

  32. A New Hero Emerges Spurred on by Bleeding Kansas and the Dred Scott decision, two men, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, debate slavery in the Illinois Senatorial race of 1858. Lincoln loses the election, but wins the favor of anti-slave proponents.
  33. A New Party… A New Problem The Republican Party, formed in 1856 for fighting slavery, nominated Lincoln for President in the 1860 election. Southern states threaten to secede from the Union if he is elected. He is… They do… The Civil War is on!

  34. 8. Research a slave narrative, to report on for next class.

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