2/26/14 110th Day of School

1. 2/26/14110th Day of School Learning goal (7.L.2.2 & 7.L.2.3): I will be able to use a Pedigree to track how a common chronic disease such as heart disease runs in families and are caused by the combined action of multiple genes. Due Today: Late work Evening Assignment: FINISH Genetic Vocabulary chart

2. Hawley Hornets Team Dr. Batten Shon B. Justice N. Logan Jacobi Cody Wilkins Ethan Batten-Hicks $200 from Hawley!!! $650 Total raised so far A way you and your family can help fund research to fight childhood cancers: Donate at least $1 dollar to the Hawley Hornets team. Homeroom teachers will collect your donations until Friday. *** all donations are tax deductible *** St. Baldrick’sCancer Research Fundraiser

3. What do you think? Discuss the following with your partner: • The prevalence of rare genetic disorders caused by a single gene such as cystic fibrosis is 1 in 10,000. The prevalence of more common diseases such as heart disease is 1 in 3. • Do common diseases like heart disease, diabetes, or colon cancer have a genetic component? Do Now

4. What do you think? Discuss the following with your partner: • The prevalence of rare genetic disorders caused by a single gene such as cystic fibrosis is 1 in 10,000. The prevalence of more common diseases such as heart disease is 1 in 3. • Do common diseases like heart disease, diabetes, or colon cancer have a genetic component? Yes but differ from genetic disorders in that they are not caused by mutations in a single gene. They result from the combined effects of multiple genes and environmental factors. The inheritance of a common disease is not predictable but a pedigree can be used to estimate an individual’s genetic risk (low, medium, or high) of developing a common disease. Do Now

5. Today’s activity will explore how a common “polygenic” disease (heart disease) is inherited. You and your partner are a researcher investigating heart disease. There are 6 genes that contribute to heart disease risk. All humans have these 6 genes but inherit slightly different forms of these genes. Your challenge is to track and record the passage of these 6 genes through generations of a family using a pedigree. Then, predict which members of this family are most likely to develop heart disease. Pick the Risk: The Polygenic Pedigree Challenge

6. Materials: • Two cups with pompoms representing the grandmother and grandfather. • Copy of a pedigree • Colored pencils Procedures: • Read the directions and follow steps #1-8 as directed. • Label each individual in your pedigree as low, medium, or high risk. • Choose the genes that represent the son’s wife and their children. Materials & Procedure

7. The grandfather in this family was a “high risk” individual. How many of his children were either medium or high risk individuals? How many of his grandchildren were either medium or high risk? • Did the number of “medium risk” & “high risk” individuals decrease or increase over subsequent generations? Why do you think that happened? • If a parent is diagnosed with heart disease, does that mean the children will have it also? Defend your answer. Group Discussion

8. The grandfather in this family was a “high risk” individual. How many of his children were either medium or high risk individuals? How many of his grandchildren were either medium or high risk? Each group will have different results. • Did the number of “medium risk” & “high risk” individuals decrease or increase over subsequent generations? Decrease Why do you think that happened? Risk of inheriting heart disease from an affected individual decreases through the generations because it is unlikely that all of the necessary risk factors (genes) will be passed down to less closely related family members. • If a parent is diagnosed with heart disease, does that mean the children will have it also? Not necessarily. Defend your answer. Because heart disease does have a genetic component, children of an affected parent have an increased risk of developing heart disease relative to the population at large. Group Discussion

9. Read the two paragraphs from McDougall p. C147 and answer the following on the slip of paper. How is having sickle cell disease detrimental to a person’s health? How could having the sickle cell trait actually be beneficial? Why does sickle cell anemia have the highest incidence in African-American populations? McDougall p. C147 Do Now

10. Sickle Cell Anemia http://youtu.be/2CsgXHdWqVs

11. Description: Sickle Cell Anemia is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation that deforms the hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells leading to a sickle shape. Symptoms include intense pain, fatigue, stunted growth. Cause: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single mutation in the hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 resulting in a change in the hemoglobin protein. Inheritance: Sickle cell anemia is a recessive disorder. Patients who carry only one allele for the sickle cell mutation (Ss) are carriers of the sickle cell trait. Only people who inherit two mutated alleles have sickle cell anemia (ss). Incidence: SCD affects 90,000 to 100,000 Americans. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 500 Black or African-American births. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 36,000 Hispanic-American births. SCT occurs among about 1 in 12 Blacks or African Americans. (Source: CDC) Treatment: There is no cure for sickle cell anemia however you can treat the symptoms. Pain medication, Hydroxyurea (reduces painful crisis), blood transfusions, antibiotics (to prevent infections especially in children). McDougall p. C146-147 Sickle Cell Anemia

12. Sickle Cell Anemia Pedigree Can you write a story describing this family

13. Create a pedigree with the following information: • Both grandmother and grandfather are carriers of the sickle cell trait. • They have four children – • Healthy male who marries a woman with the sickle cell trait. • They have a female child who is healthy • Male who has sickle cell anemia (didn’t marry or have children) • Male who is a sickle cell carrier (didn’t marry or have children) • Female who also is a sickle cell carrier and marries a man who has sickle cell anemia • They have male and female children with the sickle cell trait Sickle Cell Pedigree

14. Create a pedigree with the following information: • Both grandmother and grandfather are carriers of the sickle cell trait. • They have four children – • Healthy male who marries a woman with the sickle cell trait. • They have a female child who is healthy • Male who has sickle cell anemia (didn’t marry or have children) • Male who is a sickle cell carrier (didn’t marry or have children) • Female who also is a sickle cell carrier and marries a man who has sickle cell anemia • They have male and female children with the sickle cell trait Sickle Cell Pedigree

15. On the BACK On the FRONT Definition/characteristics: A trait or characteristic that is developed or learned through life. Traits you aren’t born with. Traits GENERALLY not controlled by DNA. Examples: Walking, speaking English, dyed hair, pierced ears, Glasses, skin cancer? Acquired Trait Acquired trait Inherited trait Sexual reproduction Heredity DNA Chromosome Gene Allele Genotypes Phenotype Dominant Recessive Gregor Mendel Pea Plants Huntington’s Disease Punnett Square Monohybrid cross Homozygous(Purebred) Heterozygous (Hybrid) Mutation Genetic Disorder Sickle Cell Anemia Hemoglobin Pedigree Genetics Vocabulary Flashcards due 2/28/14

16. Make a genetics vocabulary word chart as a study guide for your vocabulary quiz on Friday. See some examples below. Include ALL 24 vocabulary words! Genetics Vocabulary Chart – Due 2/26/14

17. Choose ONE of the following projects to do as a summative MAJOR assessment for the Genetics Unit. Do detailed, quality work to get full credit. Genetics Projects – due 3/21/14

18. Tonight… 1. Study for vocabulary quiz! 2. Complete late work! 3. Genetic project is due March 21st. Evening Assignment