Welcome to CJ 101 Unit 7 Seminar

1. Welcome to CJ 101 Unit 7 Seminar Take a deep breath and relax. We’ll be starting at the top of the hour. Talk amongst yourselves ~ J. C. Paez

2. Seminars Grading criteria 50% = Content: Posts are on topic and contributes to the quality of the seminar 25% = Participation: Frequent interaction on concepts being discussed 25% = Attendance: Arrives on time and stays the entire seminar

3. Course Work • Review your Gradebook for units 1-6 • Retake quizzes with low scores • Submit alternate assignments for missed seminars • Any other missing assignments

4. Unit 7 Discussion Board Casey Anthony Trial AVOID interjecting your emotions into the discussion Review the parts of the criminal trial and the types of evidence (circumstantial, direct, and real) in Chapter 10 of your text.

5. Pre-TRIAL ACTIVITIES & CRIMINAL TRIAL Sentencing

6. Pretrial Activities Several activities take place before a trial can begin: • First appearance • Pretrial release and bail • The grand jury (23 – 50%) • The preliminary hearing (50% PC) • Arraignment and plea

7. Pretrial release decisions consider risk of flight or nonappearance in court and risk to public safety. Decisions focus on: Seriousness of pending charges Prior record Information about the defendant Available supervisory options if released Pretrial Release

8. The most common pretrial release mechanism is bail,the posting of a bond as a pledge that the accused will return for court proceedings. Bail serves two purposes: Helps ensure reappearance of the accused in court. Prevents persons from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily. Pretrial Release

9. State and Federal Defendants Released Before Trial

10. Stages in a Criminal Trial

11. Imprisonment Fines Probation Death Traditional Sentencing Options

12. Retribution Incapacitation Deterrence Rehabilitation Restoration Goals of Sentencing Five goals influence modern sentencing practices:

13. PERCENTAGE OF SENTENCE TO BE SERVED BY NEW COMMITMENTS TO STATE PRISON Bureau of Justice Statistics

14. PERCENTAGE OF SENTENCE TO BE SERVED BY NEW COMMITMENTS TO STATE PRISON Bureau of Justice Statistics

15. Federal Sentencing Guidelines • Established under Sentencing Reform Act • of 1984 and took effect in November 1987. • 9 member commission set minimum sentences for certain federal offenses commission meets yearly to review guidelines. The U.S. Sentencing Commission

16. Federal Sentencing Guidelines • Limit federal judges’ discretion • Reduce disparity • Promote consistency and uniformity • Increase fairness and equity Purpose of the Guidelines is to:

17. Three Strikes Laws Some states have “Three Strikes Laws,” which require mandatory sentences (sometimes life without parole) when convicted of third serious felony. The intent is to deter known and potentially violent offenders and to incapacitate repeat criminals for long periods of time.

18. Three Strikes Laws Any advantages with the three strikes laws?

19. Three Strikes Laws Any disadvantages with the three strikes laws?

20. The Death Penalty The most extreme of all possible sanctions and is reserved only for especially repugnant crimes (known as capital offenses).

21. The Extent of Death Penalty Statutes Capital punishment is a sentencing option is 38 states and the federal government. • States vary considerably with regard to the number of death sentences given and the number of executions.

22. Court-Ordered Executions Carried Out in the United States, 1930-2005 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006

23. Offenders on Death Row On January 1, 2006, there were 3,254 people on death row in the U.S. • 98% male • 43% white • 13% Hispanic • 42% African American • 2% were of other races (mostly Native American and Pacific Islander)

24. Questions? Any questions regarding tonight’s seminar? Any questions on upcoming assignment?

25. Thank you! Email me if you have any problems or questions during the unit. Thank you, ~ J. C.