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Preserving the Value of Broadcast Archives

Preserving the Value of Broadcast Archives. EC Project PRESTO: Preservation Technology (for broadcast archives) Prepared for the DG- INFSO IFLA 2003 -- Berlin. “You can’t re-use what you didn’t keep” Content and Value of Broadcast Archives Preservation: Status

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Preserving the Value of Broadcast Archives

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  1. Preserving the Value of Broadcast Archives EC Project PRESTO: Preservation Technology (for broadcast archives) Prepared for the DG- INFSO IFLA 2003 -- Berlin

  2. “You can’t re-use what you didn’t keep” • Content and Value of Broadcast Archives • Preservation: • Status • Project Technology & Costs • & Access: costs & benefits • & Restoration • EC Project PRESTO • Technology (just a bit) • Preservation and creation of assets you can re-use

  3. EC Project PRESTO • GOAL: reduce preservation cost 30% • 24 months, 10 partners, 4.8 M€ • BBC, INA, RAI • 7 technology partners • Audio:ACS • Video: EVOD, S&W, Vectracom • Film: NTEC (also ITK) • General:Joanneum, ITC/IRST • and SVT, ORF, SWR, NRK, YLE, NAA, TTR Vectracom

  4. Holdings: The survey of ten major archives found about 1 million hours of film 1.6 million hours of video recordings 2 million hours of audio recordings Total European holdings of broadcast material are AT LEAST ten times larger: 10 million hours of film 20 million hours of video 20 million hours of audio

  5. Archive Audio Holdings

  6. Archive Film Holdings

  7. Archive Videotape Holdings

  8. Value of the Content • Unique cultural and historical record of the 20th Century (paid for by licence fees) • BBC: Sound archive: 1922 onward; Churchill; TS Eliot; Abdication speech, Radio One “Sessions” … • Film: news before 1980; major drama; Man Alive, 1984, Ascent of Man, British Empire, Omnibus … • 2”: Dr Who, Dad’s Army, Steptoe & Son, Forsythe Saga, Fawlty Towers, Secret Army … • 1”: Yes Minister, Eastenders, Angels, Wogan, All Our Working Lives … • U-matic: News 1982-1990’s:Lockerbie, General Elections in 1983 & 1987, the Gulf War … • Commercial value: 100 – 500 € per minute (or more)

  9. Preservation Status: • Obsolescence: At least 2/3 of the material in archives cannot easily be used in its existing form • Deterioration: Approximately 1/3 of the material has one form or another of deterioration • Fragile media: Roughly ¼ of the material cannot be released for access because the media are too easily damaged

  10. Obsolescence • Videotape • 2”; 1”; U-Matic: no playback equipment • Film • Disappearing in post production • Audio formats • Grams : no playback equipment • ¼” ?

  11. Deterioration • Videotape – decay of adhesive • 2”; 1”; U-Matic (30% read failures at BBC) • Audio – decay of adhesive • ¼” tape (depends upon brand) • Magnetic sound tracks • Vinegar syndrome • Other Acetate – other sources of acetic acid • Decay of film splices • General decay of polymer materials

  12. Fragile Media • Vinyl • and shellac • Film • 10 plays per print (videotape: 50) • Video or audiotape can easily be physically damaged or affected be magnetic fields

  13. Actual Transfer Costs In Euros Per hour of material (averaged over lots of holes) 1 item = 20 minutes

  14. Preservation work • Total film preservation hours per year: • 8 000 plus 10 000 sepmag • Total Video preservation hours per year: • 36 000 • Total Audio preservation hours per year: • 20 000 from BBC, INA, NAA, ORF plus 25 000 at RAI • Total Intake of new material per year: • 4 000 hours of film • 170 000 hours of video = 4x rate of preservation • 80 000 hours of audio = 4x rate of preservation

  15. Preservation work- not keeping up! • Total film preservation hours per year: • 8 000 plus 10 000 sepmag • Total Video preservation hours per year: • 36 000 • Total Audio preservation hours per year: • 20 000 from BBC, INA, NAA, ORF plus 25 000 at RAI • Total Intake of new material per year: • 4 000 hours of film • 170 000 hours of video = 4x rate of preservation • 80 000 hours of audio = 4x rate of preservation

  16. Preservation Funding • In General - Broadcast Archives have NO standard funding for preservation • Commercial basis (business case): • solid for most broadcast archive material • harder for both film and audio • Heritage basis: • again, no standard funding

  17. Cost / Effective Preservation Main issue – the overall process • Mass transfer – assembly line • Model: RAI: 200k hours in 2.5 yrs • ‘on-demand’ preservation can seem free, but true cost is approx 3x GREATER than cost using an efficient mass transfer process • Key factors: quality, metadata

  18. Making the Savings • Purpose-built preservation areas to optimise equipment and streamline movement of material • Dedicated ‘preservation’ facilities • In-house or commercial • Links to the wider business process ·programme documentation ·subtitle information ·rights clearance ·creation of new metadata to improve catalogue ·extraction of key frames ·automatic speech recognition

  19. Cost per use: • total lifecycle cost • True cost of an asset is total lifecycle cost. • True benefit is related to the number of times that asset is used over the lifecycle. Archive preservation strategy: • “lowest cost per use” over the life cycle of the new media, • NOT the lowest transfer cost.

  20. Access: examples • Video on servers at SVT: • in operation for less than a year • Probably 2 to 3 times greater usage • BBC – examples for preservation work • 2” to digibeta – at least 3x greater usage • Similarly for news film onto videotape • BBC News 24 online archive pilot: • 600 items online: 5 “to air” per day • 120000 items offline: 30 “to air” per day

  21. Formats, Access, Usage: ORF VIDEO Cans/items % Issues Issues/holdings total videotape 812500 100.0 Holdings 2inch 22000 2.7 1inch 113000 13.9 7% 0.25 ¾”Umatic 70000 8.6 BETACAM SP 37000 4.6 ½ inch MII 355000 43.7 65% 1.5 VHS 143000 17.6 12% Digital BETACAM 72500 8.9 16% 1.8

  22. BBC Radio One ‘sessions’ • Popular music recorded at BBC over 30 year period • No accessible catalogue; no backup; no circulation • => NO USAGE • Preservation project fixed all these issues • => launch of new radio channel (Radio 6) based mainly on this material

  23. Two aspects of Assets and Preservation • Even Managed Assets need preservation • Too easy to forget about the long-term future of your assets • Preservation Projects offer archives their main chance to introduce asset management • Several billion Euros will be spent on broadcast archive preservation in the next decade (€100M by the BBC!)

  24. The Opportunity:re-write the archive • Transform technology • Create ASSETS from holdings • Improved access: • Use new technology for current services • create new services

  25. Transform technology • Reduce cost • Storage • Maintenance • Workflow • End-User research • Electronic delivery

  26. Create ASSETS from holdings • Catalogue • Complete • Detailed • Synchronised • Rights • Owners • Uses • Digital Rights Management

  27. Improve current services • At the user’s desktop • Catalogue • Browse • Edit / annotate / select • Order master material • Receive master material

  28. Create new services • External access • Commercial • Public service

  29. Technical requirements • Multi-level digitisation • Edit, Browse, Web • Segmentation • Key frames • Speech / music / effect / speaker • Supporting content-based retrieval (CBR); • Speech recognition • MPEG-7 • Digitisation of ‘related materials’ • Linking media to related materials

  30. What we don’t do as part of preservation • Restoration • But- define what needs restoration • Rights clearance • But- get the documentation together, and coded into ‘rights taxonomy’ of owners, users, uses • Pay the full bill • Archive is at centre of whole digital workflow • All interested parties share costs and benefits

  31. Problems with funding for improved access: • cost-benefit evaluations of future requirements • business case for transforming archive technology Requires managerial vision: a commitment to “tapeless working” in broadcasting

  32. In conclusion Preservation transfer process: • A chance to do all the technical work to support the archive of the future • Including greater commercial exploitation

  33. http://presto.joanneum.ac.at Vectracom

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