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SHIGELLOSIS

SHIGELLOSIS. PRESENTER ADEOYE ABISOYE MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY PUBH 6165 INSTRUCTOR: DR HOWARD RUBIN FALL QUARTER, 2012. acknowledgment.

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SHIGELLOSIS

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  1. SHIGELLOSIS PRESENTER ADEOYE ABISOYE MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY PUBH 6165 INSTRUCTOR: DR HOWARD RUBIN FALL QUARTER, 2012.

  2. acknowledgment The efforts of Dr Howard Rubin whose special contributions and constructive criticism made this presentation a reality is greatly appreciated. I only but see exciting future.

  3. “we are none of us infallible not even the youngest of us” - GREEK PROVERBS

  4. introduction • The learning Objectives includes: • Why shigellosis is public health concern • How shigellosis is transmitted to human • Health and financial burden of shigellosis • Definition of shigellosis • Epidemiology of shigellosis • Symptoms and signs • Complications • Diagnosis and treatment • Prevention

  5. introduction • Intended Audience • Public health officials • Non governmental organizations • Occupational health officials • Food handlers • Community leaders

  6. Definition of shigellosis? • Shigellosis' can be defined as infectious disease that is caused by Shigella species, which aregram negative rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria includes: Shigella sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. boydii. • It is usually transmitted through food and water contaminated with fecal matter. • United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  7. Definition of shigellosis? • S. sonnei this is also calledGroup D Shigella and it accounts for about 66% of cases in the United States. • S.flexneri is also refer to as group B Shigella and it accounts for the rest. • S. dysenteriae type 1 is the type common in developing countries and can occur in epidemics which could be fatal if not curtail. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  8. Epidemiology • It can affect all age groups nevertheless, the young, elderly and immune compromised are more susceptible. • It accounts for less than 10% of food borne diseases in the United States with about 14.000 annual cases • Transmission is usually fecal-orally, by flies and through homosexual acts. • It quite prevalent in Africa due to poor hygiene and crowded environments. • Mortality can be as high as 10-15%. FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  9. Epidemiology • Infection sources include • Flies contaminating non-refrigerated foods • Contaminated foods with fecal matter for example: raw vegetables, fresh/smoked fish salads, potato, prawns, chicken, dairy products Like milk. • Contaminated water with human or animal waste such as feces • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  10. Symptoms and signs • Onset of symptoms about 12-50 hours after infection and these includes • Fever • Nausea and Vomiting • Abdominal cramps and pain • Passage of mucoid or bloody loose stools • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  11. Complications • Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance • Shock • Intestinal ulcers • Rectal bleeding • Post-infectious arthritis • Chronic arthritis • Confusion and coma • Death • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  12. Diagnosis and Treatment • Confirmation of Shigellosis is by stool cultures. • Treatment is usually pharmacological • Antibiotics such as septrin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin with adequate rehydration to replace lost fluids are first line of treatment. • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm • Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417.

  13. Prevention • Can be achieved by promoting: • Frequent hand washing after and before the followings • Micturition and defecation • Handling and changing baby diapers • Handling raw foods • Before cooking or eating • Washing of fruits and vegetables prior to consumption • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  14. Prevention • Other forms of preventions include: • Periodic screening of food handlers and cooks • Reporting of diarrheal diseases cases. • Disinfection of swimming pools and play pens. • Formulating policies preventing people with diarrhea diseases from swimming in public pools. • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  15. Conclusion • Shigellosis is a preventable food borne disease caused by Shigella species. It can be fatal if not attended to promptly and can be prevented easily using simple hygienic measures. • Now we can see from this presentation that it takes simple hygienic measures to get raid of this disease.

  16. Thank you all for listening

  17. References • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what • Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417. • United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

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