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IP addresses and address management

IP addresses and address management. Miwa Fujii APNIC, Training Officer. Contents. Introduction to IP addressing IP addresses Routing IP address management History of address management The role of RIRs About RIPE NCC and APNIC The future IPv6. What is an IP Address?.

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IP addresses and address management

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  1. IP addresses and address management Miwa Fujii APNIC, Training Officer

  2. Contents • Introduction to IP addressing • IP addresses • Routing • IP address management • History of address management • The role of RIRs • About RIPE NCC and APNIC • The future • IPv6

  3. What is an IP Address?

  4. “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog…” by Peter Steiner, from The New Yorker, (Vol.69 (LXIX) no. 20)

  5. www.redhat.com 66.187.232.50 www.google.com www.apnic.net 216.239.39.99 202.12.29.20 www.ietf.org www.ebay.com 4.17.168.6 66.135.208.101 www.dogs.biz 209.217.36.32 www.ebay.com 66.135.208.88 www.doggie.com 198.41.3.45 www.gnso.org 199.166.24.5 “On the Internet…” you are nothing but an IP address! 202.12.29.142

  6. What is an IP address? • An IP address is NOT a domain name • It is an identifier that includes necessary information to reach a network location • Each network location has an IP address • Reaching a location is achieved via the Internet routing system

  7. IP addresses • Are either IPv4 or IPv6 • IPv4: 32-bit* number • 4 billion different host addresses • E.g. 202.12.29.142 • IPv6: 128-bit* number • 16 billion billion network addresses • E.g. 2001:0400:3c00:a:b:c:d:1 * bit = binary digit

  8. The Internet 195.158.5.1002001:0600:: www.gov.uz ? My Computer www.gov.uz IP addresses are not domain names DNS 2001:0C00:8888:: 2001:0600::

  9. What else is an IP address? • Internet infrastructure address • Uniquely assigned to infrastructure elements • Globally visible to the entire Internet • A finite “common resource” • Never “owned” by address users • Not dependent upon the DNS

  10. end user Where do IP addresses come from? IPv4 IPv6 Allocation * Allocation Assignment * In some cases via an NIR such as KRNIC

  11. Routing

  12. What is a router? • A device in the network that processes and routes data between two points • A device that routes data between networks using IP addressing • A layer 3 device • Hardware or software used to connect two or more networks

  13. How does routing work? • The routing system is normally hierarchical • Each part of the hierarchy provides specific detail • This detail enables traffic to flow from one network to another • It works in a similar manner to telephone routing

  14. National Local Telephone network routing Global

  15. Internet address routing The Internet Announce 202.12.24.0/21 Traffic 202.12.29.142 202.12.29.128/25

  16. Internet address routing Traffic 202.12.29.142 202.12.29.142 202.12.29.128/25

  17. The Internet Net Net Net Net Net Net Net Net Net Net Net Global Internet routing

  18. ISP A ISP A ISP B ISP B Internet Internet ISP C ISP C ISP D ISP D IP address aggregation No Aggregation Aggregation (21 routes) (4 routes) (Non-portable Assignments) (Portable Assignments)

  19. Regional Internet Registries

  20. What are RIRs? • Industry self-regulatory structures • Open membership-based bodies • Representative of ISPs globally • Service organisations • Non-profit, neutral and independent • 100% self-funded by membership • First established in early 1990s • Voluntarily by consensus of community • To satisfy emerging technical/admin needs • In the “Internet Tradition” • Consensus-based, open and transparent

  21. 1981: “The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.” (RFC 790) The early years: 1981 – 1992

  22. The boom years: 1992 – 2001 1992: “It has become clear that … these problems are likely to become critical within the next one to three years.” (RFC1366) “…it is [now] desirable to consider delegating the registration function to an organization in each of those geographic areas.” (RFC 1338)

  23. Recent years: 2002 – 2005 2004: Number Resource Organization

  24. What do RIRs do? • Internet resource allocation • Primarily, IP addresses – IPv4 and IPv6 • Receive resources from IANA/ICANN, and redistribute to ISPs on a regional basis • Registration services (“whois”) • Policy development and coordination • Open Policy Meetings and processes • Training and outreach • Training courses, seminars, conferences • Liaison: IETF, ITU, APT, PITA, APEC • Publications • Newsletters, reports, web site

  25. RIR policy development process OPEN Need Anyone can participate Evaluate Discuss ‘BOTTOM UP’ TRANSPARENT Consensus Implement Internet community proposes and approves policy All decisions and policies documented and freely available to anyone

  26. What is APNIC? • RIR for Asia Pacific region • Established 1993, Tokyo • 1472 members in 49 of 62 AP economies • 52 staff, 19 nationality/language groups • Membership and community services • Other activities • Outreach • Liaison: IETF, APT, PITA, APEC, ISP-A’s • ITU Sector Member • UN ECOSOC consultative status • Deployment of root servers • www.apnic.net

  27. APNIC services • Internet resource allocations • “MyAPNIC” secure membership portal • Multilingual helpdesk – email, phone, chat, VOIP* • Open Policy Meetings • Twice annually • Webcast and remote participation • Stenocaptioning • Training and education • Technical workshops: Routing, DNS, Security • Internet support • Fellowships • R&D grants funding • ORDIG – ISP support website

  28. What is RIPE NCC? • RIR for Europe and the Middle East • Established 1992, Amsterdam • More than 5000 members from throughout Europe and the Middle East • Around 100 staff, from a broad range of nationality/language groups • Membership and community services • Other activities • Outreach with governments and industry-related organisations • Management of one of the 13 root name servers (K-root) • Deployment of a routing database • Co-ordination support for ENUM delegations • Neutral measuring network, providing public and authoritative Internet operation statistics • www.ripe.net

  29. RIPE NCC services • Internet resource allocations • Secure LIR portal • RIPE meetings • Twice annually • Webcast and remote participation • Regional meetings • Training and education, including E-Learning • Technical training on Routing Registry and DNS for LIRs • Internet support

  30. RIR Open Policy Meetings

  31. APNIC 24 – New Delhi, India

  32. APNIC 25 - Taipei, Taiwan With APRICOT 2008 • http://www.apricot2008.net • 25 - 29 February 2008 Taipei

  33. RIPE 55 - Amsterdam

  34. RIPE NCC Regional Meetings • Moscow, Russia 2 – 3 October 2007 Moscow, Russia

  35. The future: IPv6

  36. IANA allocations RIR allocations Addresses routed Historical Data Reclamation? Projection IPv4 lifetime - UPDATE http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4

  37. Rationale for IPv6 • IPv4 address space consumption • Now 3-5 years space remaining • These are today’s projections – reality will definitely be different • Alternative solutions examined - Recover unused historical IPv4 address space • De-aggregation • Would only extend IPv4 lifetime a few years • Legal ramifications • Ability to recover is limited under current policies - Use of Network Address Translator (NAT) • Originally designed to extend life of IPv4 • Cannot cater for large networks • Road blocks: Peer to peer, security (IPsec), QoS ( VoIP and real time video)

  38. Questions? ncc@ripe.net helpdesk@apnic.net

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