Cell Structures and Organelles - A Comprehensive Overview for Students

2. 7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles State Standard SB1a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction.

3. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Function: controls what comes into & what goes out of the cell Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer 7.3 Structures and Organelles

4. Cytoplasm Substance between the plasma membrane & nucleus Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles, cytoskeleton, & various particles 7.3 Structures and Organelles

5. Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules & microfilaments Structural support & transport mechanism 7.3 Structures and Organelles

6. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes Nuclear Envelope – covers the nucleus – has tiny pores 7.3 Structures and Organelles

7. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Animal Cell Go to Section:

8. Ribosomes Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic 7.3 Structures and Organelles

9. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Animal Cell Go to Section:

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles

11. 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes lipids 7.3 Structures and Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum

12. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Animal Cell Go to Section:

13. Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a gift in a package before we send it. 7.3 Structures and Organelles

14. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell Go to Section:

15. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crew” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for cleaning ***only found in animal cells*** 7.3 Structures and Organelles

16. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell

17. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy 7.3 Structures and Organelles

18. 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell

19. Centrioles Found in animal cells & most protist cells Occur in pairs Function: important for cell division 7.3 Structures and Organelles

20. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cilia • Short, numerous projections that look like hairs 400x Flagella • Longer and less numerous than cilia • Create movement with a whiplike motion 26,367x

21. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

22. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section:

23. Large Vacuole Function: stores water 7.3 Structures and Organelles

24. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section:

25. Chloroplast Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment 7.3 Structures and Organelles

26. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Plant Cell Go to Section:

27. Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles

28. 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Smooth ER Vacuole Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Plant Cell

29. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal

30. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.3 Structures and Organelles

31. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.3 Structures and Organelles

32. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins? ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus nucleus, centriole, vacuole endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion

33. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.3 Formative Questions Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product? chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion

34. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.3 Formative Questions In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy? chloroplast lysosome nucleus vacuole

35. Cellular Structure and Function Answer:Plant cells have both cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton. Chapter 7 Chapter Assessment Questions Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

36. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells? centrioles endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes

37. Cellular Structure and Function a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, a plant cell that uses light energy for or other materials photosynthesis Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?

38. Cellular Structure and Function a single-celled organism that moves a white blood cell that digests bacteria around its environment and viruses Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?