Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution Unit 5 Notes

2. Standard 7-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of independence movements that occurred throughout the world from 1770 through 1900. Enduring Understanding: The global spread of democratic ideas and nationalist movements occurred during the nineteenth century. To understand the effects of nationalism, industrialism, and imperialism, the student will: 7-3.4 Explain how the Industrial Revolution caused economic, cultural, and political changes around the world.

3. industrialism textiles Samuel Slater Meiji Era urbanization division of labor laissez-faire capitalism socialism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels proletariat bourgeoisie labor unions Agricultural Revolution cotton gin flying shuttle spinning jenny water frame spinning mule power loom cottage industry James Watt steam engine interchangeable parts mass production factory system Unit 5 Key Terms – The Industrial Revolution

4. Industrial Revolution Overview Video: https://safeshare.tv/x/ss583bb2b9e25ca#v

5. Group Assignments • Group 1: “Birth of Industry” pgs. 190-197 • Group 2: “Growth of Industry” pgs. 198-201 • Group 3: “A New Society” pgs. 202-204 • Group 4: “Industrialization Changes Political Ideas” pgs. 204-206 • Group 5: “Revolution in the Arts” pgs. 206-208 • Group 6: “The New Science” pgs. 208-209

6. Industrial Revolution Posters • On your poster, write the key vocab words/definitions, people, events, concepts, etc. from your section in the RWB. • You should also have at least three illustrations/pictures relevant to your section. Color the pictures. • Work as a group. Everyone should contribute simultaneously (at the same time)

7. 1st Period Groups: Group 1: Erin A., Maggie M., Emma, and Charis Group 2: Grace, Chitra, Ansley D., and Benae Group 3: Kaitlyn R., Allyson, and Biz Group 4: Mackenzie, Joanna, Ainsley, and Sravya Group 5: Natalie, Meghan, Katelyn, and Maddie G. Group 6: Gabby, Gracie, Ansley F., and Ava

8. 3rd Period Groups: Group 1: Lindsey F, Taylor, Olivia, and Kathleen Group 2: Caroline P, Charlie, Charlotte, Caroline B. Group 3: Ciara, Kylie, Maggie, and Katie M Group 4: Emily G, Briana, Clarissa and Ellie Group 5: Daniella, Andrea, and Emily Q, Group 6: Vira, Nandita, Maggie Lin, and Katrina

9. 5th Period Groups Group 1: Anna Brett, Erin, Libby, and Maurena Group 2: Caroline B, Carmen, Maddie, Abigail Group 3: Jhaden, Ellie, Kate, Alexandra Group 4:Yasmin, Katie Duckett, Augusta, Group 5: Amira, Lindsay, Addie, Rebekah Group 6:, Blaire, Macaila, and Allie

10. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? • it began in Great Britain following the Agricultural Revolution • it began in the textile industry • did not have one single founder or inventor • it grew from the innovations and inventions of many people

11. Why Great Britain? • Stable govt. • Right natural resources (coal, iron) • Demand for goods too strong for domestic system (cottage industry) • Agricultural Rev. • Crop rotation • Enclosure movement • Fallowing • Growing empire

12. Cause 1: Agriculture • 3 things led to increased agricultural production • enclosure movement: fencing off of common lands for large-scale farming • crop rotation • advanced agricultural technology (Jethro Tull’s seed drill) • increased agricultural production led to increased population and forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to the cities (work force for factories)

13. Cause 2: Infrastructure & Resources Great Britain had all the factors of production needed for industrialization • natural resources • Iron • coal • rivers and harbors • experienced entrepreneurs • growing population • political stability • increasing world trade - EMPIRE • economic prosperity and progress

14. Where did the Industrial Revolution spread? • to the United States • Samuel Slater and the “Rhode Island plan” • Francis Lowell, Waltham Massachusetts – the “Lowell method” • continental Europe • Germany in 1835 – would later use industry for military production • France did not industrialize right away but remained agricultural • Japan • industrialized itself during the Meiji Era in an effort to remain isolated

15. Industrial Revolution

16. Industrial Life and Society

17. Societal Changes I. Changes in society A. Urbanization – movement from rural areas to cities 1. looking for jobs B. Industrial Capitalism: 1. Factory owner lived like nobles – servants, cooks, etc. C. Industrial Capitalism builds industrial middle class 1. (managers, salesmen, engineers)– nice houses, possibly some servants 2. Ind. Cap.: private citizens, not government, controls industry and production.

18. Industrialism and Society Contd. D. Working class – factory workers 1. adults and children worked 2. up to 16 hour days, 6 days/week 3. working conditions varied, acceptable – awful 4. Reformers (many religious) worked to improve working conditions 5. Trade unions: group of workers with same skill/job who unite to negotiate better working conditions, wages, benefits, etc. a. unions sometimes go on strike, or refuse to work, in order to force management to negotiate 5. Women began to work outside the home and demand equal rights E. New ways of organizing business 1. partnerships: two or more entrepreneurs invest in a business to earn profit 2. corporations: organization owned by stockholders who by shares in a company. Stocks increase or decrease in value based on company’s profits.

19. Industrial Revolution and PoliticsPurple Textbook, pgs. 735 - 736 Adam Smith Karl Marx

20. Industrial Revolution and PoliticsPurple Textbook, pgs. 735 - 736 Adam Smith Karl Marx Scottish Economist Along w/Frederich Engels became one of Govt. should not interfere in the economy fathers of Socialism & communism Competition = prosperity & better society socialism = means of production owned by “Laissez faire” = let it be govt. Author of Wealth of Nations about how competition thought competition harmed society and division of labor benefits society working class (proletariat) peasants First book spoke about ethics and charity. should rise up and form a classless Was in favor of “rational self-interest” communist society goal was to end social classes Wrote Communist Manifesto

21. Changes in Industrial SocietyPgs. 732 - 743 Positive Negative

23. The Jungle • Full of hope for a better life, Jurgis married and bought a house on credit. He was elated when he got a job as a "shoveler of guts" at "Durham," a fictional firm based on Armour & Co., the leading Chicago meat packer. • Jurgis soon learned how the company sped up the assembly line to squeeze more work out of the men for the same pay. He discovered the company cheated workers by not paying them anything for working part of an hour. • Jurgis saw men in the pickling room with skin diseases. Men who used knives on the sped-up assembly lines frequently lost fingers. Men who hauled 100-pound hunks of meat crippled their backs. Workers with tuberculosis coughed constantly and spit blood on the floor. Right next to where the meat was processed, workers used primitive toilets with no soap and water to clean their hands. In some areas, no toilets existed, and workers had to urinate in a corner. Lunchrooms were rare, and workers ate where they worked. • Almost as an afterthought, Sinclair included a chapter on how diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat products were processed, doctored by chemicals, and mislabeled for sale to the public. He wrote that workers would process dead, injured, and diseased animals after regular hours when no meat inspectors were around. He explained how pork fat and beef scraps were canned and labeled as "potted chicken." • Sinclair wrote that meat for canning and sausage was piled on the floor before workers carried it off in carts holding sawdust, human spit and urine, rat dung, rat poison, and even dead rats. His most famous description of a meat-packing horror concerned men who fell into steaming lard vats:

24. Inventions and Technology in the Machine Age InventorInventionImpact Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Water Frame Spinning Mule Power Loom Cotton Gin Steam Engine

25. Effects on Society • Urbanization: growth of cities • Rise of Industrial Capitalism – “laissez faire” • New businesses: partnerships & corporations • Rise of working class – more industrial workers • Trade Unions • Socialism – put an end to social classes, distrubute equally to everyone

26. Urbanization • urbanization is the movement of people to the cities • people moved to the cities to work in factories because they could earn more there than on a farm • life in the city • unregulated • poor housing • inadequate police protection • unsanitary • working conditions in the factories • long hours (14 hours a day, six days a week) • dangerous and unhealthy, often resulting in injury

27. Capitalism vs. Socialism • laissez-faire capitalism • all factors of production are privately owned • government does not interfere in business • based on laws of competition, supply and demand, self-interest • socialism • belief that the government should provide for the needs of the masses • government should plan the economy in order to promote equality and end poverty • promised to distribute wealth according to need

28. Flying Shuttle • invented by John Kay in 1753 • doubled the amount of weaving a worker could do in one day

29. Spinning Jenny • invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 • allowed one spinner to spin eight threads at a time

30. Water Frame • invented by Richard Arkwright in 1768 • changed machines from hand-powered to water-powered

31. Spinning Mule • invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton • combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame • spinning thread was now water powered • produced a stronger product

32. Power Loom • invented in 1787 by Edmund Cartwright • powered by water • wove thread into cloth as fast as spinning machines could produce it

33. Cotton Gin • invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 • machine removed seeds from cotton and dramatically increased cotton production • also led to massive increases in the slave population in the south

34. Steam Engine • invented/improved by James Watt in 1769 • replaced water power with steam power, allowing factories to be built anywhere (not just near rivers) • engines were powered by coal

35. Rise of Mass Production • machines increased the output of goods in two ways • interchangeable parts – machine made parts that were exactly alike • division of labor – each worker was assigned a specific task as a product moves down a conveyor belt from worker to worker – the assembly line

36. Paper Airplane Assembly Line • Each team member gets to make one-two folds on the assembly line. • Decide what each group member’s job will be (DIVISION OF LABOR) • Make one example for practice • You may have to pass it by twice if your group is too small. • You have 2 minutes to make as many airplanes as you can. • Winner for the most airplanes built and • Winner for the plane that flies the longest distance. • If the same group wins both categories they get prize and bonus points.

37. Think about this… • What do you think were some of the “side effects” of using a coal powered steam engine? • increased pollution • more factories • more jobs in mining • more transportation (steamships, locomotives led to improved roads, more railroads, more canals)

38. So what’s the big deal? • railroad boom created new jobs for railroad workers • need for coal created new jobs for miners • trade and transportation were cheaper → increased travel, increased trade over longer distances

39. Electricity and Industry • telegraph – Samuel Morse • telephone – Alexander Graham Bell • radio – Guglielmo Marconi • light bulb – Thomas Edison

40. Impact of Industrialism • growth of cities – urbanization • rise of capitalism – free enterprise, the idea that people make money for themselves • new business models – partnerships, corporations • rise of the working class – people made more money in the factories than they did down on the farm • rise of trade unions – workers organizing together to improve wages, working conditions • development of socialism – the idea that the government, not individuals, should own and control the means of production

41. I.The Rise of Industry • Industrialism: system based on use of machines instead of animal or human power • Started in Great Britain in the 1700s. • Seeds for Industry • AgriculturalRevolution • Sweeping changed in farming • Started in 1700s • Caused by Enclosure Movement • Parliament allows large landowners to fence off common lands previously rented as small farms to peasant farmers • Combining of these farms made faring more efficient • Farms planted with a single crop or turned into sheep pastures for wool (textiles) • Crop Rotation • Rotating b/n 3 fields - allowed soil to stay fertile by not using same nutrients year after year • Invention of seed drill by JethroTull • Allowed farming in rows instead of scattering seed by hand

42. Capital and Labor • increased $ to invest in manufacturing and increased workforce for factories • Land owners had more profits from their farms to invest as capital, or money invested in business. • Many invested in manufacturing/industry. • The enclosure movement forced peasant farmers off their land • They moved to cities to find work – labor for cities’ factories • Increase in farming efficiency = increased food supply = increased population and increased average life span • Natural Resources and Markets • Great Britain had rivers that flowed year-round • These rivers powered the early factories (before electricity) • Factories built next to rivers/water source • Also provided a transportation network • Great Britain had huge supplies of coal and iron. • Coal will replace water and wood as fuel for machines • Iron used to make machines and steel • Growing population = increased domestic markets • Growing British empire = markets around the world

44. Rise of the Factory System • Industrialism begins in the textile (cloth) industry • In the past, workers produces cloth in the domestic system (cottage industry) • Literally someone inside their home spinning wool into cloth • Very slow – unable to meet demands of markets • Textile merchants build factories powered by water next to rivers and streams • This is the “factory system” • Invention of steam engine and coal powered factories = factories system could be built anywhere. • Whole towns grew up around factory system • People moved from rural areas to cities – urbanization. • Spread of Industrialism • Great Britain tried to keep skilled workers and engineers at home to prevent spread • Workers see too much $ in other countries for their expertise and industrialism begins to spread. • Samuel Slater sneaks textile spinning “know-how” to Rhode Island in 1789 • Germany begins buying British machines in the 1800s • 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry exposes Japan to steam powered warships • Great Britain gave up efforts to create a monopoly (total control) of industry • GB becomes “workshop of the world” – produced ½ of world’s coal and manufactured goods • Industrialism spreads to GERMANY, U.S., and JAPAN (important) • Japan creates partnership b/n industry and government called “ziabastu” • “Rich country, strong army”

46. Impact of Industrialism • Growth of Cities • Rise of Industrial Capitalism • Private ownership or industries (factory system) • Created new “industrial middle class” – industry merchants, engineers, sales force, etc. • New methods of Organizing Business • Partnerships: two or more entrepreneurs who invest money to earn a profit • Raise more capital than one person • Corporations – owned by stockholders who by shares in a company and then share in any profits. • Rise of industrial working class • Factories needed industrial workers • Hourly wages, 16 hour days/6 days a week, unsafe working conditions • Workers still made more than on farms

48. Rise of Trade Unions • Union: association of workers with the same skill who negotiate higher wages and better working conditions • Unions use strikes (refusal to work) to get their demands • Great Britain and other countries began to pass worker protection laws as a result of the unions efforts • Socialism • Industrialism and the difference in quality of life b/n factory owners, industrial middle class, and the working class opened the door for the rise of socialism. • In socialism GOVERNMENT owns the means of production (factories, land, raw materials, capital, etc.) • Socialist do not believe in competition in business